x ii CONTENTS. 



CHAP. PAGE 



X A . GENESIS, HEREDITY, AND VARIATION Concluded .... 356 



XI. CLASSIFICATION 374 



XII. DISTRIBUTION 395 



PAET III. THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE. 



I. PRELIMINARY . .415 



II. GENERAL ASPECTS OF THK SPECIAL-CREATION-HYPOTIIESIS . . 417 

 III. GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE EVOLUTION-HYPOTHESIS . . .431 



IV. THE ARGUMENTS FROM CLASSIFICATION 441 



V. THE ARGUMENTS FROM EMBRYOLOGY 450 



VI. THE ARGUMENTS FROM MORPHOLOGY 468 



VII. THE ARGUMENTS FROM DISTRIBUTION 476 



VIII. IIOW IS ORGANIC EVOLUTION CAUSED? 490 



IX. EXTERNAL FACTORS 499 



X. INTERNAL FACTORS 508 



XL DIRECT EQUILIBRATION 519 



XII. INDIRECT EQUILIBRATION 529 



XIII. TlIE CO-OPERATION OF THE FACTORS 549 



XIV. THE CONVERGENCE OF THE EVIDENCES 554 



XIV A . RECENT CRITICISMS AND HYPOTHESES 559 



APPENDICES. 



A. THE GENERAL LAW OF ANIMAL FERTILITY 577 



B. THE INADEQUACY OF NATURAL SELECTION, ETC. .... 602 



C. THE INHERITANCE OF FUNCTIONALLY-WROUGHT MODIFICATIONS : A 



SUMMARY 692 



D. ON ALLEGED &quot; SPONTANEOUS GENERATION &quot; AND ON TOE HYPOTHESIS 



OF PHYSIOLOGICAL UNITS 696 



