382 



THE INDUCTIONS OF BIOLOGY. 



But though Cuvicr emancipated himself from the concep 

 tion of a serial progression throughout the Animal Kingdom, 

 sundry of his contemporaries and successors remained fet 

 tered by the old error. Less regardful of the differently- 

 combined sets of attributes distinguishing the different sub- 

 kingdoms, and swayed by the belief in a progressive develop 

 ment which was erroneously supposed to imply a linear ar 

 rangement of animals, they persisted in thrusting organic 

 forms into a quite unnatural order. The following classifi 

 cation of Lamarck illustrates this. 



INVERTEBRATA. 

 I. APATHETIC ANIMALS. 

 Cl. 1. Infusoria. 

 Cl. 2. Polypi. 

 Cl. 3. Radiaria. 

 Cl. 4. Tunicata. 



Do not feel, and move only by their 

 excited irritability. No brain, no 

 elongated medullary mass ; no senses ; 

 forms varied ; rarely articulations. 



Cl. 5. Vermes. 



II. SENSITIVE ANIMALS. 

 Cl. 6. Insects. 

 Cl. 7. Arachnids. 

 Cl. 8. Crustacea. 

 Cl. 9. Annelids. 

 Cl. 10. Cirripcds. 

 Cl. 11. Conchifera. 

 Cl. 12. Mollusks. 



J 



Feel, but obtain from their sensa 

 tions only perceptions of objects, a 

 sort of simple ideas, which they are 

 unable to combine to obtain complex 

 ones. No vertebral column ; a brain 

 and mostly an elongated medullary 

 mass; some distinct senses; muscles 

 attached under the skin ; form sym 

 metrical, the parts being in pairs. 



VERTEBRATA. 



( Feel ; acquire preservable ideas ; 

 perform with them operations by which 

 they obtain others ; are intelligent in 

 different degrees. A vertebral column ; 

 a brain and a spinal marrow ; distinct 

 senses; the muscles attached to the 

 internal skeleton; form symmetrical, 

 the parts being in pairs. 



Passing over sundry classifications in which the serial 

 arrangement dictated by the notion of ascending complexity, 

 is variously modified by the recognition of conspicuous 

 anatomical facts, we come to classifications which recognize 



III. INTELLIGENT ANIMALS. 

 Cl. 13. Fishes. 

 Cl. 14. Reptiles. 

 Cl. 15. Birds. 

 Cl. 16. Mammalia. 



