THE SPECIAL-CREATION-IIYPOTHESIS. 419 



assume guiding spirits to keep the planets in their orbits. 

 It is no longer the universal belief that the sea was once for 

 all mechanically parted from the dry land; or that the 

 mountains were placed where we see them by a sudden cre 

 ative act. All but a narrow class have ceased to suppose 

 sunshine and storm to be sent in some arbitrary succession. 

 The majority of educated people have given up thinking of 

 epidemics of punishments inflicted by an angry deity. Nor 

 do even the common people regard a madman as one pos 

 sessed by a demon. That is to say, we everywhere see fading 

 away the anthropomorphic conception of Cause. In one case 

 after another, is abandoned the ascription of phenomena to 

 a will analogous to the human will, working by methods 

 analogous to human methods. 



If, then, of this once-numerous family of beliefs the im 

 mense majority have become extinct, we may not unrea 

 sonably expect that the few remaining members of the family 

 will become extinct. One of these is the belief we are here 

 considering the belief that each species of organism was 

 specially created. Many who in all else have abandoned 

 the aboriginal theory of things, still hold this remnant of the 

 aboriginal theory. Ask any well-informed man whether he 

 accepts the cosmogony of the Indians, or the Greeks, or 

 the Hebrews, and he will regard the question as next to an 

 insult. Yet one element common to these cosmogonies he 

 very likely retains : not bearing in mind its origin. For 

 whence did he get the doctrine of special creations ? Catechise 

 him, and he is forced to confess that it was put into his mind 

 in childhood, as one portion of a story which, as a whole, he 

 has long since rejected. Why this fragment is likely to be 

 right while all the rest is wrong, he is unable to say. May 

 we not then expect that the relinquishment of all other parts 

 of this story, will by and by be followed by the relinquish 

 ment of this remaining part of it ? 



112. The belief which we find thus questionable, both 



