The Cumberland Mountains 



knowledge which may be of use should I ever 

 be a negro teamster. 



September 14. Philadelphia is a very filthy 

 village in a beautiful situation. More or less of 

 pine. Black oak most abundant. Polypodium 

 hexagonopterum and Aspidium acrostic hoides 

 [Christmas Fern] most abundant of ferns and 

 most generally distributed. Osmunda claytoni- 

 ana rare, not in fruit, small. Dicksonia abun 

 dant, after leaving the Cumberland Mountains. 

 Asplenium ebeneum [Ebony Spleenwort] quite 

 common in Tennessee and many parts of Ken 

 tucky. Cystopteris [Bladder Fern], and Asplen- 

 ium filix-fcemina not common through the same 

 range. Pteris aquilina [Common Brake] abun 

 dant, but small. 



Walked through many a leafy valley, shady 

 grove, and cool brooklet. Reached Madison- 

 ville, a brisk village. Came in full view of the 

 Unaka Mountains, a magnificent sight. Stayed 

 over night with a pleasant young farmer. 



September 15. Most glorious billowy moun 

 tain scenery. Made many a halt at open places 

 ;[ 33 ] 



