Civil Service Reform 183 



of the system, and emphasized, in the minds of de- 

 cent citizens, the fact that appointments and re- 

 movals for political reasons in places where the 

 duties are wholly non-political can not be defended 

 by any man who looks at public affairs from the 

 proper standpoint. 



The advance has been made purely on two lines, 

 that is, by better enforcement of the law, and by 

 inclusion under the law, or under some system sim- 

 ilar in its operations, of a portion of the service 

 previously administered in accordance with the spoils 

 theory. Under President Arthur the first classifica- 

 tion was made, which included 14,000 places. Un- 

 der President Cleveland, during his first term, the 

 limits of the classified service were extended by the 

 inclusion of 7,000 additional places. During Presi- 

 dent Harrison's term the limit was extended by the 

 inclusion of about eight thousand places; and hith- 

 erto during President Cleveland's second term, by 

 the inclusion of some six thousand places; in addi- 

 tion to which the natural growth of the service has 

 been such that the total number of offices now classi- 

 fied is over 40,000. Moreover, the Secretary of the 

 Navy under President Harrison, introduced into the 

 navy yards a system of registration of laborers, 

 which secures the end desired by the Commission; 

 and Secretary Herbert has continued this system. It 

 only rests, however, upon the will of the Secretary 

 of the Navy; and as we can not expect always to 

 have Secretaries as clear-sighted as Messrs. Tracy 

 and Herbert, it is most desirable that this branch of 



