Spread of English-Speaking Peoples 129 



dash of what we are accustomed to consider the dis- 

 tinctively Southern or Cavalier spirit. 13 There was 

 likewise a large German admixture, not only from 

 the Germans of Pennsylvania, but also from those 

 of the Carolinas. 14 A good many Huguenots like- 



13 Boone, though of English descent, had no Virginia blood 

 in his veins; he was an exact type of the regular backwoods- 

 man ; but in Clark, and still more in Blount, we see strong 

 traces of the "cavalier spirit." Of course, the Cavaliers no 

 more formed the bulk of the Virginia people than they 

 did of Rupert's armies; but the squires and yeomen who 

 went to make up the mass took their tone from their 

 leaders. 



14 Many of the most noted hunters and Indian fighters 

 were of German origin. (See "Early Times in Middle Ten- 

 nessee," John Carr, Nashville, 1859, PP- 54 an ^ 5 6 > f r Steiner 

 and Mansker or Stoner and Mansco. ) Such were the Wet- 

 zels, famous in border annals, who lived near Wheeling; 

 Michael Steiner, the Steiners being the forefathers of many 

 of the numerous Kentucky Stoners of to-day; and Kasper 

 Mansker, the "Mr. Mansco" of Tennessee writers. Every 

 old Western narrative contains many allusions to "Dutch- 

 men," as Americans very properly call the Germans. Their 

 names abound on the muster-rolls, pay-rolls, lists of settlers, 

 etc., of the day (Blount MSS., State Department MSS., Mc- 

 Afee MSS., Am. State Papers, etc.) ; but it must be remem- 

 bered that they are often Anglicized, when nothing remains 

 to show the origin of the owners. We could not recognize 

 in Custer and Herkomer, Kuster and Herckheimer, were not 

 the ancestral history of the two generals already known ; and 

 in the backwoods, a man often loses sight of his ancestors in 

 a couple of generations. In the Carolinas the Germans seem 

 to have been almost as plentiful on the frontiers as the Irish 

 (see Adair, 245, and Smyth's "Tour," I., 236). In Pennsyl- 

 vania they lived nearer civilization (Schoolcraft, 3, 335; 

 "Journey in the West in 1785," by Lewis Brantz), although 

 also mixed with the borderers; the more adventurous among 

 them naturally seeking the frontier. 



