Spread of English-Speaking Peoples 227 



cause of the difficulty, 8 asserting 1 that they sometimes 

 incited the Indians to outrages, and always, even 

 in the midst of hostilities, kept them supplied with 

 guns and ammunition, and even bought 'from them 

 the horses that they had stolen on their plundering 

 expeditions against the Virginian border. 9 These 

 last accusations were undoubtedly justified, at least 

 in great part, by the facts. The interests of the 

 white trader from Pennsylvania and of the white 

 settler from Virginia were so far from being iden- 

 tical that they were usually diametrically opposite. 

 The Northwestern Indians had been nominally at 

 peace with the whites for ten years, since the close 

 of Bouquet's campaign. But Bouquet had inflicted 

 a very slight punishment upon them, and in con- 

 cluding an unsatisfactory peace had caused them to 

 make but a partial reparation for the wrongs they 

 had done. 10 They remained haughty and insolent, 

 irritated rather than awed by an ineffective chastise- 

 ment, and their young men made frequent forays 

 on the frontier. Each of the ten years of nominal 

 peace saw plenty of bloodshed. Recently they had 

 been seriously alarmed by the tendency of the whites 

 to encroach on the great hunting-grounds south of 

 the Ohio; 11 for here and there hunters or settlers 

 were already beginning to build cabins along the 



8 Do., 722. 



9 Do., 872. 



10 "Am. Arch.," IV., Vol. I, p. 1015. 



11 McAfee MSS. This is the point especially insisted on by 

 Cornstalk in his speech to the adventurers in 1773; he would 

 fight before seeing the whites drive off the game. 



