35 6 The Winning of the West 



colony that settled in Gaul or Iberia founded a city 

 or established a province which was tributary to 

 Rome, instead of standing on a footing of equality 

 in the same nation with Rome. But the other great 

 colonizing peoples of antiquity, the Greeks and 

 Phrenicians, spread in an entirely different way. 

 Each of their colonies became absolutely independ 

 ent of the country whence it sprang. Carthage and 

 Syracuse were as free as Tyre or Sidon, as Corinth 

 or Athens. Thus under the Roman method the 

 empire grew, at the cost of the colonies losing their 

 independence. Under the Greek and Carthaginian 

 method the colonies acquired the same freedom that 

 was enjoyed by the mother cities; but there was no 

 extension of empire, no growth of a great and en 

 during nationality. The modern European nations 

 had followed the Roman system. Until the United 

 States sprang into being every great colonizing 

 people followed one system or the other. 



The American Republic, taking advantage of its 

 fortunate federal features and of its strong central 

 government, boldly struck out on a new path, which 

 secured the freedom-giving properties of the Greek 

 method, while preserving national Union as care 

 fully as it was preserved by the Roman Empire. 

 New States were created, which stood on exactly 

 the same footing as the old; and yet these new 

 States formed integral and inseparable parts of a 

 great and rapidly growing nation. This movement 

 was original with the American Republic; she was 

 dealing with new conditions, and on this point the 



