Preface 131 



ness beyond the Alleghanies, but to officers of the 

 regular army, who obeyed the orders of the National 

 Government. Lewis, Clark, and Pike were the 

 pioneers in the exploration of the vast territory 

 the United States had just gained. 



The names of the Indian fighters, the treaty- 

 makers, the wilderness wanderers, who took the lead 

 in winning and exploring the West, are memorable. 

 More memorable still are the lives and deeds of the 

 settler folk for whom they fought and toiled; for 

 the feats of the leaders were rendered possible only 

 by the lusty and vigorous growth of the young 

 commonwealths built up by the throng of west- 

 ward-pushing pioneers. The raw, strenuous, eager 

 social life of these early dwellers on the Western 

 waters must be studied before it is possible to under- 

 stand the conditions that determined the continual 

 westward extension of the frontier. Tennessee, dur- 

 ing the years immediately preceding her admission 

 to Statehood, is especially well worth study, both 

 as a typical frontier community, and because of 

 the opportunity afforded to examine in detail the 

 causes and course of the Indian wars. 



In this volume I have made use of the material 

 to which reference was made in the first; besides 

 the American State Papers I have drawn on the Ca- 

 nadian Archives, the Draper Collection, including 

 especially the papers from the Spanish Archives, the 

 Robertson MSS., and the Clay MSS. for hitherto 

 unused matter. I have derived much assistance 

 from the various studies and monographs on special 



