And State Papers 3 



But unless two-thirds of Congress in both branches 

 are hostile to him, he can stop any measure from 

 becoming a law. This power is varyingly used by 

 different Presidents, but it always exists, and must 

 always be reckoned with by Congress. 



While Congress is in session, if the President 

 neither signs nor vetoes the bill which is passed, 

 the bill becomes a law without his signature. The 

 effect is precisely the same as if he had signed it. 

 Presidents who disapproved of details in a bill, but 

 felt that on the whole it was advisable it should be 

 come a law, have at times used this method to 

 emphasize the fact that they were not satisfied with 

 the measure which they were yet unwilling to veto. 

 A notable instance was afforded in President Cleve 

 land's second term, when he thus treated the Wilson- 

 Gorman tariff bill. 



The immense federal service, including all the 

 postal employees, all the customs employees, all the 

 Indian agents, marshals, district attorneys, navy- 

 yard employees, and so forth, is under the President. 

 It would of course be a physical impossibility for 

 him to appoint all the individuals in the service. 

 His direct power lies over the heads of the depart 

 ments, bureaus and more important offices. But 

 he does not appoint these by himself. His is only 

 the nominating power. It rests with the Senate to 

 confirm or reject the nominations. 



The Senators are the constitutional advisers of 

 the President, for it must be remembered that his 

 Cabinet is not in the least like the Cabinet of which 



