CHAP. VI.] SWEDISH TURNIPS. 269 



about ten waggon loads of composition manure ; 

 that is to say, rich earth and yard manure 

 mixed in a heap, a layer of each alternately. 

 I then harrowed the ground with an iron-toothed 

 harrow, until the surface was mellow, and the 

 manure well mixed with the earth. 



250. On the first of July I harrowed the 

 ground over several times, and got the surface 

 in good order ; but, in consequence of such late 

 ploughing, I dared not venture to cross-plough, 

 for fear of tearing up the sods, which were not 

 yet rotten. On the 7th of July I ridged the 

 ground, throwing four furrows together, and 

 leaving the tops of the ridges four feet asunder, 

 and without putting in any manure. I went 

 very shoal with the plough, because deep 

 ploughing would have turned up the sods. 



251. On the eighth of July I sowed the seed, 

 in single rows on the tops of the ridges, on all 

 the ridges except about eighteen. On eight of 

 these I sowed the seed on the 19th of July, 

 when the first sowing was up, and very severely 

 attacked by the flea ; and I was fearful of losing 

 the whole of the crop by that insect. About 

 the last of July there came a shower, which 

 gave the turnips a start ; and, on the eighth day 

 of August I transplanted eight of the remaining 

 rows, early in the morning. The weather was 

 now very dry, and the turnips sown on the 19th 



