46(5 JOURNAL. [PART in. 



there. They plant the vines in rows, attached 

 to stakes like espaliers, and they plough be 

 tween with a one-horse plough. The grapes, 

 which are of the sorts of claret and madeira, 

 look very fine and luxuriant, and will be ripe 

 in about the middle of September. The soil 

 and climate both appear to be quite congenial 

 to the growth of the vine : the former rich and 

 the latter warm. The north west wind, when 

 it blows, is very cold, but the south, south 

 east and south west winds, which are al 

 ways warm, are prevalent. The heat, in the 

 middle of the summer, I understand, is very 

 great, being generally above 85 degrees, and 

 sometimes above 100 degrees. Each of these 

 families has a farm as well as a vineyard, so 

 that they supply themselves with almost every 

 necessary and have their wine all clear profit. 

 Their produce will this year be probably not 

 less than 5000 gallons; we bought 2 gallons 

 of it at a dollar each, as good as I would 

 wish to drink. Thus it is that the tyrants of 

 Europe create vineyards in this new country ! 



893. June 18th. Arrived at Lousville, Ken 

 tucky. The town is situated at the commence 

 ment of the falls, or rapids, of the Ohio. The 

 river, at this place, is little less than a mile 

 wide, and the falls continue from a ledge of 

 rocks which runs across the river in a sloping 



