THE YOUNG FARMER'S MANUAL. 33 



tain whether it will flow out freely into the main ditch. If 

 water will run out of the trench into the main ditch, lay pipe or 

 sole tile, having not less than an inch and a half calibre, in this 

 trench entirely around the cellar, and cover them with hard dirt, 

 well tramped down on the tile. These tile will carry off all water 

 that would find its way into the cellar. Let tile be laid in the 

 main drain. Two inch tile is sufficiently large. Never trust to 

 a drain filled with stone about a cellar, or beneath any building ; 

 because they will be filled with some obstruction in a few years. 

 Let the main drain extend into the cellar a foot or two. Let the 

 bottom of the cellar be a few inches highest in the centre. If it 

 is convenient, let a lead pipe extend from the bottom of the rain 

 water cistern through the foundation of the cellar, having a 

 faucet or plug in the end, so that when the cistern needs to be 

 emptied, or the cellar-bottom needs cleaning, water may be let 

 out of the cistern on the cellar bottom, and allowed to escape 

 through a hole in a flat stone into the drain. All the sur 

 plus water of the cistern, during heavy rains, should pass off 

 through the tile for the purpose of keeping the passage clear. 

 Never build a dry wall around a cellar under any building ; 

 because you will wish a thousand times in less than five years, 

 chat the stone had been laid up in good mortar. (Read paragraph 

 187, to learn the best manner of laying stone walls.) Remember 

 that roots and fruit will freeze much sooner in a damp cellar than 

 they will in a dry one. Make calculations to have sufficient 

 space in the cellar to allow a tall man to walk erect in it, and 

 carry a basket of potatoes on his shoulder. If a building is 

 large and heavy, the foundation stone should be sunk six inches 

 below the bottom of the cellar ; and the stone walls should in 

 no case be less than twenty inches in thickness. Thirty inches 

 thick would be far better. 



12. In hauling the stone for the cellar wall, the young farmer 

 should endeavor to select those first which have a good face side, 

 and reject all ill-shapen ones; and when unloading them, let 

 them be well spread out, with the face side up, and corner-stones 



