THE YOUNG FAEMEK'S MANUAL. 



FlG. 10. 



on which they stand. On each side of the doors and windows 



studs four inches wide should be 

 used. If a building is erected 

 with an attic story, collar joists 

 should be nailed to the rafters 

 near the lower ends, to keep the 

 building from spreading. If the 

 studs should not extend more 

 than one or two feet above the 

 attic floor, collars on the rafters 

 will not be necessary. The raft- 

 ers should be notched on the plate, 

 and should extend beyond the side 

 of the building ; and the lower 

 ends may be planed and painted ; 

 and the under side of the roof- 

 boards planed and painted ; or 

 the rafters may be ceiled on the 

 under side of them ; or finished 

 with a plain projection or cor- 



A CHEAP CORNICE FOE A BALLOON HOUSE. n i C6j a g SHOWn by Fig. 1 0, which 



will require less than half the amount of lumber and labor; 

 and in the eyes of many people, present a more desirable appear 

 ance as a cheap cornice. 



53. Some builders line or ceil such buildings on the inside with 

 rough, second or third quality of lumber; and then lath and 

 plaster, which gives a building additional strength, but it is by no 

 means necessary, "Where vertical siding is used, some ceil or 

 line the outside of the studs. Some place the studs just twelve 

 inches apart, and fill between them with brick laid in lime and 

 mortar. But when good clay can be obtained, it will subserve 

 about as good purpose as lime mortar. Some tenon the ends of 

 the studs, and mortise the sills and plates ; but it is useless, as 

 they will never move if well nailed. If the timber is hard wood, 

 holes, just large enough for the nail to drive in tight, and not 

 split either studs or joists, should be bored for the nails through 



