148 THE YOUNG FARMER'S MANUAL. 



ously, without being placed so as to lie firmly, and without having 

 the face stones chocked on the inside. It is always very impor 

 tant to have the face stones well chocked on the inside. It is of 

 little or no importance, usually, to chock stones on the face side. 

 But if face stones are not well levelled up, and chocked up on the 

 inside, especially in erecting a wall with a single face along a 

 bank of earth, a wall is sure to bulge out and fall in a few years. 

 This explains, in a great measure, why walls under a house or 

 barn often bulge into the cellar and fall : the face stones were not 

 well chocked on the inside ; and a small force, produced by the 

 superincumbent pressure of a heavy building, or by the freezing 

 and expansion of the bank against which the wall is erected, will 

 thrust the walls into the cellar. When long stones are laid in a 

 stone wall, and the ends or sides within the wall do not rest one 

 on the other, if they are not chocked clear to the ends, (not back 

 six or eight inches from the ends,) the superincumbent pressure 

 of the stones which rest on the ends of these long stones will tend 

 to bring the ends together, and to separate the ends at the face, 

 thus bringing them into a position to be forced or thrust easily 

 from the centre of the wall. 



MANIPULATIONS IN BUILDING- A STONE WALL. 



188. The first thing in building a stone fence usually is, to 

 haul the stone ; and they are usually thrown in a long row, ex 

 actly where the fence is to stand. This is always wrong. If 

 stones are gathered from year to year, and hauled to a given place 

 for the purpose of making a stone fence, the place where it is to 

 stand should be staked off, and no stone should be dropped within 

 four feet of the point where the face of the wall is to be, on both 

 sides of it. If the wall is to be made six or eight feet wide on 

 the bottom, no stone should be dropped nearer than six feet, 

 especially if they are mostly large ones. It is a great fault with 

 most farmers who build stone fence, to get their stones . too close 

 to the wall. It is but the work of a few moments to tumble a 

 large stone six or eight feet ; and it is far better to have a stone 



