THE YOUNG FARMER'S MANUAL. 179 



gates, like Fig. 82, sawed into stuff, a part three by six inches 

 square, for the heel or hinge stiles, and a part into slats, one by 

 three, and a part into upper arms, c, three by six at one end, and 

 three by three at the other end, and have the sawyer saw the 

 upper a'rms at the mill like the arm in Fig. 82, as far as the 

 jog in it. At the jog in the arm it should be about three 

 by four inches. The piece that is taken off will make a good 

 head or latch stile. As soon as the timber is sawed out, let 

 it be stuck up, very straightly, under shelter, where it can sea 

 son not less than one year. If any of the pieces are sprung 

 after being sawed, if the .pile is stuck up straight put a lot of 

 stones or timber on the pile to bring all the pieces down straight. 

 240. The next thing will be, to have a few tools in order to 

 work with. The planes must be sharpened after they have been 

 ground, on an oil-stone, which will give the irons a fine, keen 

 edge (see EDGE TOOLS). Let the chisels be well sharpened, for 

 it is impossible to make a good mortise with dull chisels. Let 

 the hand-saw be well filed and set. Saw off a piece of scantling 

 for the hinge stile, as long as desirable, and plane off the smooth 

 est and truest side of it, and mark it with a pencil as the face 

 side. It is very important to have the face side not only straight, 

 but true, i. e., not winding. Fig. 83 represents a hinge stile laid 

 out ready for mortising; a is the face side and b the FIQ 83. 

 work side. If the face side of the stile should be a 

 little winding, it may be the means of making the whole 

 gate winding. Therefore, to ascertain whether the 

 face is winding, lay it on the bench face side up, and 

 lay on the square at one end and the jointer planet 

 at the other end, and look over the edge of the square 

 to the jointer; and if the edges of the square and 

 plane coincide with each other, the face is true. If 

 the face is not true, the mortises will not be true. 

 Apply the try-square, and see if the work side is at a 

 right angle with the face. Plane this side straight 

 and true, and mark it (see How TO PLANE). Now, 

 with the rule and scratch-awl, prick off the spaces 



