334 



thin. A lack-furrow is two furrow-slices turned towards each 

 other so that their edges will meet ; or, one may overlay or lap 

 on the other. A dead furrow, middle furrow, or open furrow, 

 which are only different names for the same thing, is the channel 

 that is left when a land is finished. A land is the unplowed 

 ground between two back furrows, or the quantity of unplowed 

 ground which a plowman, in plowing, goes around, when he turns 

 about in the opposite direction from which the furrow-slice is 

 turned. A land may be wide, or narrow. A ridge embraces a 

 part of two lands, or all the ground from one middle furrow to 

 the other ; while a land extends from one back furrow or centre 

 of a ridge to another. A headland is a narrow strip of ground 

 at the ends of the lands on which the team turns when plowing. 

 "When a team goes from one end of the plowing to the other, it 

 is called a through. "When a team goes to the other end of the 

 land or ridge, and returns plowing a furrow, it is called a lout or 

 a round. When land is plowed two or more times before seed 

 ing, if the furrows are made across the furrows of the last plow 

 ing, it is termed cross-plowing. When a furrow-slice is turned 

 into a furrow, and the edges of each furrow-slice just touch each 

 other, it is denominated flat-plowing, or plowed with a flat fur 

 row. When the furrow-slices lap on each other, it is called plow 

 ing with a lap-furrow, or lap-plowing. "When plowing is per 

 formed with a Michigan Sod Plow, with which a narrow furrow 

 of the sod two or three inches deep is rolled up, and the whole 

 covered with well pulverized soil, it is called round-plowing. 

 "When a common plow is run twice in a place, it is called trench 

 ing, or trench-plowing. When a subsoil plow is run in the furrow 

 of a common plow, it is called subsoiling. 



HOLDING PLOW. 



" The plow with ill-holding goes quickly aside." TUSSER. 



466. After the plow has been correctly adjusted, the young 

 faffmer, if he would make a skillful and complete plowman, must 

 be careful to observe and to practise the following rules : Always 

 keep the plow as nearly level as is practicable. Stand up straight 



