THE YOUNG FARMER'S MANUAL. 377 



they cost several dollars, and are no better than the style of 

 shafts represented by Fig. 148. a is the shaft, not less than 

 three feet long, with a crank at each end of it, and the bea-ringS) 

 b b, 1^ inches in diameter and three inches long, turned smooth, 

 with a collar, e, six or eight inches in diameter, cast with the 

 shaft having a square key-hole through it at E. Put the shaft 

 in the eye of the stone, as shown by the dotted lines, against the 

 stationary collar, c, and put a loose collar like c on the opposite 

 side of the stone, and drive in the key a little. Place the shaft 

 on the frame, and if it does not revolve true on the side, adjust 

 it with a few thicknesses of paper, or with a piece of thin leather. 

 The shaft should be smaller than the eye in the stone, so that it 

 can be made to run true on the edge. If the stone is too thin 

 for the space between the collars, put in a thin piece of board. 

 Drive with a hammer, on the stationary collar to the right or left, 

 and not on the surface of the stone, when adjusting it to run true 

 on the circumference. With such a shaft a grindstone can be 

 well hung in fifteen minutes. Do not drive in the key too hard, 

 because it requires but little to hold a stone. If the shaft of a 

 grindstone is short, the crank is always in the way when grind 

 ing the knives on cutter-bars, grass scythes, axes, &c. 



541. Fig. 149 represents a grindstone complete, running on fric 

 tion rollers ; although if the bearings of the shaft are neatly polished 

 it is a matter of indifference whether there are any friction rollers 

 or not, because there will be so little friction at the bearings that 

 there will be no perceptible difference in the running of the stone. 

 The bearings of my grindstone run in lead boxes, (see FITTING 

 UP MACHINERY, in next vol.,) and I would not exchange them 

 for friction rollers, a is the frame, made of 3x3 scantling. 5 is 

 the water-trough, which should be well smeared on the inside 

 with coal tar. c is the treadle, by which the grindstone is turned 

 by the foot, d is the dash, to protect the workman from water. 

 I sometimes place a board on each side of the stone, to turn the 

 water into the trough when grinding. When a stone revolves sq 

 rapidly that it will throw all the water from the tpangh, a vesse] 

 containing water may be suspended above it, and a small hole. 



