THE YOUNG FARMER'S MANUAL. 397 



come to open the eye that was closed the vision is so affected 

 that the exact point is lost sight of for a moment, and it is 

 impossible to determine where it is. The best and most correct 

 way is, to look with both eyes open, as they always are, and 

 then the exact point can be kept in view until the workman can 

 reach it with the plane. It will require a little practice and 

 ingenuity to look over the edge of a board with both eyes open 

 and determine whether it is straight or not. But in order to do 

 it, the head must be placed in such a position that the edge can 

 be seen with one eye only. Then it will not be difficult to keep 

 the eye on any point on the edge of a board, until the workman 

 can step to it with his plane. In looking at anything, which is 

 often expressed by different mechanics as " ranging" "squinting" 

 "sighting" or "shooting" in order to discover whether it is straight 

 or not, it is always best to keep both eyes open ; because the 

 vision is less perfect when one eye is closed. And if a person 

 becomes accustomed to " take sight " with both eyes open, it will 

 be found a better way than to close one eye. 



581. In jointing the end of a board or plank with the square 

 and sharp point of a knife, cut a deep mark on each side of it, 

 and then with the drawing-knife shave the end almost to the 

 marks, and afterwards use the jointer or smoothing-plane. Never 

 shove the plane entirely across the end, lest it stave off slivers 

 from the opposite corner. Place the board in the vise, if it is a 

 short one, and if a long one, lay one end of it on a low bench on 

 the edge, and joint the end while standing astride of it. Have 

 the plane iron very sharp for this purpose. If these directions be 

 strictly followed, there will be no more difficulty in making the 

 joints of a box water-tight at the ends, than there is on the sides 

 of it. 



CHISELS. 



" Chisels here, with faces bright, 

 Framers, flrmers, heavy, light, 

 Corner-chisels, duck-bill, too, 

 True and crooked, now we view. 



582. Fig. 156 represents a face view of a good framing-chisel. 



