406 THE YOUNG FARMER'S MANUAL. 



SAWS. 



" The saw hangs glittering in the quiet shade, 

 With sharp and grinning teeth, and burnished blade. 

 The well-set teeth laugh at the stubborn oaks, 

 And knots and gnarls yield to its potent strokes. 



Now starting, and stopping, and darting, 



And ripping, and slitting, and splitting, 



Dividing, and cleaving, and riving, 



And shivering, and quivering, and slivering, 

 Inspiring with terror, amazement and awe : 

 Such are the manoeuvres cut up by a saw. "EDWARDS. 



TECHNICALITIES IN RELATION TO SAWS. , 



602. Hanging a saw means, putting it in the frame or gate 

 previous to using it, or fitting a buzz saw to a journal or mandrel. 

 The two irons on the mandrel which hold the saw in its posi 

 tion are called the flanges, or collars. The collar which is keyed 

 fast to the mandrel is called the fixed collar, and the other one 

 the loose collar. The distance from one tooth to another is called 

 the space. Gumming a saw is the act of making the spaces 

 deeper, or wider and deeper, according to the shape of the teeth. 

 The face of the teeth is the edge which is forward when the saw 

 is in use. The lack of the teeth is the edge opposite to the face. 

 The hook or pitch of the teeth is the inclination of the face of 

 the teeth forward from a line drawn at a right angle with the 

 cutting edge, or points of the teeth. Setting a saw is the act of 

 spreading the points of the teeth, either by hammering or bend 

 ing them sideways, so as to make the saw cut a kerf wider than 

 the thickness of the saw. Jointing a saw is the act of making 

 the points of the teeth true, both on the edge and on the sides 

 of the points, so that in a buzz saw every tooth will extend just 

 so far from the centre of motion. The roots of the teeth are 

 the bases of them at the bottom of the spaces. The rake of a 

 saw is the inclination of the cutting edge forward towards the 

 timber to be sawed. This is only applied to saws which work 

 up and down, or horizontally. Fleam-pointed, or fleaming, means 

 having the teeth filed on the face and back diagonally. A circular 

 saw is said to be fast when the rim is largest^ which is caused 

 by stretching the edge when gumming it. When a saw deviates 



