408 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [N. s., 23, igji 



causing shortness of breath. It is not planted near corn because 

 tobacco has a strong smell that affects corn. In harvesting, the 

 blossoms are picked first, the white parts (corollas) being thrown 

 away, and the stems and leaves are picked last. Both blossoms and 

 stems are treated with buffalo-fat before being stored. The Hidatsa 

 name for their tobacco, according to Lowie, 1 is ope. 



Melvin Randolph Gilmore, 2 in treating of the uses of plants by 

 the Missouri River Indians, writes as if they all used Nicotiana 

 quadrivalvis? although he mentions specifically that his definite knowl 

 edge was of the Hidatsa tobacco only. He states that N. qnadrivalvis 

 was cultivated by all the tribes of Nebraska, 4 but was lost as soon as 

 they came into contact with Europeans and so completely that not 

 even the oldest Omaha had ever seen it in cultivation. It seems fully 

 as probable that the Nebraska tribes, being nomads, may not have 

 cultivated tobacco, but probably obtained it by trade. In this case it 

 seems just as likely that they may have obtained Nicotiana nistica 

 from Indians of the Eastern Woodland Area or N. attcnuata from 

 those of the Plains Area, as to have received N. qnadrivalvis from 

 any one of the three tribes of village Indians of North Dakota. 



Nicoti-ana multivalvis Lindl., the fifth and last member of the 

 Bigclovii-group to be considered, bears a striking resemblance to the 

 type of N. Bigelovii and also to N. quadrivdvis in habit, leaves, and 

 shape as well as color of the flowers. The corolla, however, is 

 usually more than five-lobed, varying to as many as twelve or more 

 lobes. The ovary is the characteristic feature of the species. It is 

 composed of two circles of cells, one within the other as in the case 

 of the ovary of the navel-orange. The capsule of N. multivalvis 

 bears fertile seeds in all, or at least in most, of its cells. Such a form 

 of ovary as this is evidently monstrous, at least from the point of 

 view of the normal ovary of Nicotiana, and may be supposed to have 

 been derived from a form such as the type of N. Bigelovii by a rela- 



1 The Tobacco Society of the Crow Indians, Anthrop. Papers, Amer. Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., vol. 21, pt. 2, 1919. 



2 Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, 33rd Ann. 

 Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnology (for 1911-12), pp. 43-154, 1919. 



3 Loc. cit., p. 59. 

 .* Loc. cit., p. 1 13. 



