280 



ARTICULATIONS. 



ARTICULATION OP THE EIBS WITH THEIR CARTILAGES. (Fig. 193.) 



The outer extremity of each costal cartilage is received into a depression in 

 the sternal end of the ribs, and held together by the periosteum. 



VIII. LIGAMENTS OF THE STERNUM. 



The first and second pieces of the Sternum are united by a layer of cartilage 

 which rarely ossifies, except at an advanced period of life. These two segments 

 are connected by an anterior and posterior ligament. 



The Anterior Sternal Ligament consists of a layer of fibres, having a longi- 

 tudinal direction; it blends with the fibres of the anterior costo-sternal ligaments 

 on both sides, and with the aponeurosis of origin of the Pectoralis Major. This 

 ligament is rough, irregular, and much thicker at the lower than at the upper 

 part of the bone. 



The Posterior Sternal Ligament is disposed in a somewhat similar manner on 

 the posterior surface of the articulation. 



IX. ARTICULATION OP THE PELVIS WITH THE SPINE. 



The ligaments connecting the last lumbar vertebra with the sacrum are similar 

 to those which connect the segments of the spine with each other, viz: 1. The 

 continuation downwards of the anterior and posterior common ligaments. 2. 

 The intervertebral substance connecting the flattened oval surfaces of the two 



Fig. 194. Articulations of Pelvis and Hip. Anterior View. 



bones, and forming an amphiarthrodial joint. 3. Ligamenta subflava, connect- 

 ing the arch of the last lumbar vertebra with the posterior border of the sacral 

 canal. 4. Capsular ligaments connecting the articulating processes and forming 

 a double arthrodia. 5. Inter-spinous and supra-spinous ligaments. 



