312 ARTICULATIONS. 



backwards, and from side to side. The gliding movement which takes place 

 between the bones of the second row is very slight, the articulation between the 

 scaphoid and cuneiform bones being more movable than those of the cuneiform 

 with each other and with the cuboid. The movement which takes place between 

 the two rows is more extensive, and consists in a sort of rotation, by means of 

 which the sole of the foot may be slightly flexed, and extended, or carried in- 

 wards and outwards. 



VI. TARSO-METATARSAL ARTICULATIONS. 



These are arthrodial joints. The bones entering into their formation are 

 the internal, middle, and external cuneiform, and the cuboid, which articulate 

 with the metatarsal bones of the five toes. The metatarsal bone of the great 

 toe articulates with the internal cuneiform; that of the second is deeply 

 wedged in between the internal and external cuneiform, resting against the 

 middle cuneiform, and being the most strongly articulated of all the meta- 

 tarsal bones ; the third metatarsal articulates with the extremity of the ex- 

 ternal cuneiform ; the fourth with the cuboid and external cuneiform ; and 

 the fifth with the cuboid. The articular surfaces are covered with cartilage, 

 lined by synovial membrane, and connected together by the following 

 ligaments : 



Dorsal. Plantar. 



Interosseous. 



The Dorsal Ligaments consist of strong, flat, fibrous bands, which connect the 

 tarsal with the metatarsal bones. The first metatarsal is connected to the 

 internal cuneiform by a single broad, thin, fibrous band ; the second has three 

 dorsal ligaments, one from each cuneiform bone ; the third has one from the 

 external cuneiform ; and the fourth and fifth have one each from the cuboid. 



The Plantar Ligaments consist of longitudinal and oblique fibrous bands 

 connecting the tarsal and metatarsal bones, but disposed with less regularity 

 than on the dorsal surface. Those for the first and second metatarsal are the 

 most strongly marked ; the second and third metatarsal receive strong fibrous 

 bands, which pass obliquely across from the internal cuneiform ; the plantar 

 ligaments of the fourth and fifth metatarsal consist of a few scanty fibres 

 derived from the cuboid. 



The Interosseous Ligaments are three in number : internal, middle, and ex- 

 ternal. The internal one passes from the outer extremity of the internal 

 cuneiform to the adjacent angle of the second metatarsal. The middle one, less 

 strong than the preceding, connects the external cuneiform with the adjacent 

 angle of the second metatarsal. The external interosseous ligament connects 

 the outer angle of the external cuneiform with the adjacent side of the third 

 metatarsal. 



The Synovial Membranes of these articulations are three in number : one for 

 the metatarsal bone of the great toe, with the internal cuneiform ; one for the 

 second and third metatarsal bones, with the middle and external cuneiform ; 

 this is a part of the great tarsal synovial membrane ; and one for the fourth 

 and fifth metatarsal bones with the cuboid. The synovial membranes of the 

 tarsus and metatarsus are thus seen to be six in number (Fig. 213). 



\ 



ARTICULATIONS OF THE METATARSAL BONES WITH EACH OTHER. 



The bases of the metatarsal bones, except the first, are connected together by 

 dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments. The dorsal and plantar ligaments 

 pass from one metatarsal bone to another. The interosseous ligaments lie deeply 

 between the rough non -articular portions of their lateral surfaces. The articular 

 surfaces are covered with cartilage, and provided with synovial membrane, 

 continued forwards from the tarso- metatarsal joints. The digital extremities 



