SUPERFICIAL CERVICAL REGION. 



331 



4. Lingual Region. 

 Muscles of the Tongue. 

 Genio-hyo-glossus. 

 Hyo-glossus. 

 Lingualis. 

 Stylo-glossus. 

 Palato-glossus. 



5. Pharyngeal Region. 



Muscles of the Pharynx. 

 Constrictor Inferior. 

 Constrictor Medius. 

 Constrictor Superior. 

 Stylo-pharyngeus. 

 Palato-pharyngeus. 



6. Palatal Region. 

 Muscles of the Soft Palate. 

 Levator Palati. 



Tensor Palati. 

 A/ygos Uvulae. 

 Palato-glossus. 

 Palato-pharyngeus. 



7. Anterior Vertebral Region. 

 Rectus Capitis Anticus Major. 

 Rectus Capitis Anticus Minor. 

 Rectus Lateralis. 

 Longus Colli. 



8. Lateral Vertebral Region. 



Scalenus Anticus. 

 Scalenus Medius. 

 Scalenus Posticus. 



9. Muscles of the Larynx. 

 (Included in the description of the 

 Larynx.) 



1. SUPERFICIAL CERVICAL REGION. 



Platysma Myoides. 



Sterno-cleido-mastoid. 



Dissection. A block having been placed at the back of the neck, and the face turned to the 

 side opposite to that to be dissected, so as to place the parts upon the stretch, make two trans- 

 verse incisions ; one from the chin, along the margin of the lower jaw, to the mastoid process ; 

 and the other along the upper border of the clavicle. Connect these by an oblique incision 

 made in the course of the Sterno-mastoid muscle, from the'mastoid process to the sternum ; the 

 two flaps of integument having been removed in the direction shown jn Fig. 214, the superficial 

 fascia will be exposed. 



The superficial cervical fascia is exposed on the removal of the integument 

 from the side of the neck ; it is an extremely thin aponeurotic lamina, which 

 is hardly demonstrable as a separate membrane. Beneath it is found the 

 Platysma Myoides muscle, the external jugular vein, and some superficial 

 branches of the cervical plexus of nerves. 



The Platysma Myoides (Fig. 215) is a broad thin plane of muscular fibres, 

 placed immediately beneath the skin on each side of the neck. It arises from 

 the clavicle and acromion, and from the fascia covering the upper part of the 

 Pectoral, Deltoid, and Trapezius muscles ; its fibres proceed obliquely upwards 

 and inwards along the side of the neck, to be inserted into the lower jaw 

 beneath the external oblique line, some passing forwards to the angle of the 

 mouth, and others becoming lost in the cellular tissue of the face. The most 

 anterior fibres interlace, in front of the jaw, with the fibres of the muscle of 

 the opposite side; those next in order become blended with the Depressor 

 Labii Inferioris and the Depressor Anguli Oris ; others are prolonged upon 

 the side of the cheek, and interlace, near the angle of the mouth, with the 

 muscles in this situation, and may occasionally be traced to the Zygomatic 

 muscles, or to the margin of the Orbicularis Palpebrarum. Beneath the 

 Platysma, the external jugular vein may be seen descending from the angle of 

 the jaw to the clavicle. It is essential to remember the direction of the fibres 

 of the Platysma, in connection with the operation of bleeding from this vessel; 

 for if the point of the lancet is introduced in the direction of the muscular 

 fibres, the orifice made will be filled up by the contraction of the muscle, and 

 blood will not flow ; but if the incision is made across the course of the fibres, 

 they will retract, and expose the orifice in the vein, and so facilitate the flow 

 of blood. 



Relations. By its external surface, with the integument, to which it is united 



