OF THE PELVIS AND ABDOMEN. 569 



then pass through the chain of glands surrounding the external iliac vessels, 

 and finally terminate in the lumbar glands. They receive the deep epigastric, 

 circumflex iliac, and ilio-lumbar lymphatics. 



The lymphatics of the bladder arise from the entire surface of the organ ; the 

 greater number run beneath the peritoneum on its posterior surface, and, after 

 passing through the lymphatic glands in that situation, join with the lymphatics 

 from the prostate and vesiculse seminales, and enter the internal iliac glands. 



The lymphatics of the rectum are of large size ; after passing through some 

 small glands that lie upon its outer wall and in the meso-rectum, they pass to 

 the sacral or lumbar glands. 



The lymphatics of the uterus consist of two sets, superficial and deep ; the 

 former being placed beneath the peritoneum, the latter in the substance of the 

 organ. The lymphatics of the cervix uteri, together with those from the vagina, 

 enter the internal iliac and sacral glands ; those from the body and fund us of 

 the uterus pass outwards in the broad ligaments, and, being joined by the 

 lymphatics from the ovaries, broad ligaments, and Fallopian tubes, ascend with 

 the ovarian vessels to open into the lumbar glands. In the unimpregnated 

 uterus, they are small; but during gestation, they become very greatly enlarged. 



The lymphatics of the testicle consist of two sets, superficial and deep ; the 

 former commence on the surface of the tunica vaginalis, the latter in the epi- 

 didymis and body of the testis. They form several large trunks, which ascend 

 with the spermatic cord, and accompanying the spermatic vessels into the abdo- 

 men, open into the lumbar glands; hence the enlargement of these glands in 

 malignant disease of the testis. 



The lymphatics of the kidney arise on the surface, and also in the interior of 

 the organ ; they join at the hilum, and, after receiving the lymphatic vessels 

 from the ureter and suprarenal capsule, open into the lumbar glands. 



The lymphatics of the liver are divisible into two sets, superficial and deep. 

 The former arise in the sub-peritoneal areolar tissue over the entire surface of 

 the organ. Those on the convex surface may be divided into four groups : 



1. Those which pass from behind forwards, consisting of three or four branches, 

 which ascend in the longitudinal ligament, and unite to form a single trunk, 

 which passes up between the fibres of the Diaphragm, behind the ensiform 

 cartilage, to enter the anterior mediastinal glands, and finally ascends to the 

 root of the neck, to terminate in the right lymphatic duct. 2. Another group, 

 which also incline from behind forwards, are reflected over the anterior margin 

 of the liver to its under surface, and from thence pass along the longitudinal 

 fissure to the glands in the gastro-hepatic omentum. 3. A third group incline 

 outwards to the right lateral ligament, and uniting into one or two large trunks, 

 pierce the Diaphragm, and run along its upper surface to enter the anterior 

 mediastinal glands; or, instead of entering the thorax, turn inwards across the 

 crus of the Diaphragm, and open into the commencement of the thoracic duct. 

 4. The fourth group incline outwards from the surface of the left lobe of the 

 liver to the left lateral ligament, pierce the Diaphragm, and passing forwards, 

 terminate in the glands in the anterior mediastinum. 



The superficial lymphatics on the under surface of the liver are divided into three 

 sets : 1. Those on the right side of the gall-bladder enter the lumbar glands. 



2. Those surrounding the gall-bladder form a remarkable plexus ; they accom- 

 pany the hepatic vessels, and open into the glands in the gastro-hepatic omen- 

 tum. 3. Those on the left of the gall-bladder pass to the cesophageal glands, 

 and to the glands which are situated along the lesser curvature of the stomach. 



The deep lymphatics accompany the branches of the portal vein and the hepatic 

 artery and duct through the substance of the liver ; passing out at the transverse 

 fissure, they enter the lymphatic glands along the lesser curvature of the stomach 

 and behind the pancreas, or join with one of the lacteal vessels previous to its 

 termination in the thoracic duct. 



The lymphatic glands of the stomach are of small size ; they are placed along 



