56 REPORT OP THE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



ligament of the liver, and the retro-peritoneal tissue small abscesses 

 may be found. In the testicles, and more especially the epididymis, 

 the earlier stage of the disease is indicated by the presence of reddish- 

 gray nodules as large as pins' heads. Later on these have been con- 

 verted into larger, cheesy masses, in some cases broken through the 

 skin. In females the ovaries are rarely involved, more commonly 

 the mammae. The mucous membrane of the nose is usually reddened 

 and swollen. Small ulcers may be present on the septum and the 

 turbinated bones. The presence of glanders bacilli is determined 

 microscopically without any difficulty when the disease process is 

 recent. W hen suppuration has set in it becomes more and more 

 difficult. 



Loffler also experimented with field mice (Arvicola arvalis), which 

 he found very susceptible to inoculation with cultures. In most cases 

 death ensued from three to five days after inoculation into the sub- 

 cutaneous tissue near the root of the tail. The spleen and liver were 

 quite invariably crowded with barely visible nodules. Rarely the 

 joints of the feet became diseased. Lesions in the lungs and skin 

 were absent. 



Kitt,* experimenting upon wood mice (Mus sylvaticus), found them 

 very susceptible to inoculation. When either cultures of glanders 

 bacilli or bits of tissue containing them were placed under the skin 

 of these animals they lived from eight days to one month thereafter. 

 The spleen was very much enlarged, dark red on its surface and 

 on section were numerous grayish-yellow nodules barely the size of 

 a pin's head. At the place of inoculation there is usually a dry 

 scab, accompanied occasionally with some suppuration or oedema. 

 From the experiments noted by the author it would be difficult to in- 

 fer how far these mice are of value in making diagnosis from nasal 

 discharges that is, how far they are capable of resisting septic in- 

 fection. 



In a more recent communication (Oesterr. Monatsschriftf. Thier- 

 heilkunde, January, 1888), the same author experimented with a 

 species of rat (Arvicola terrestris). Of fourteen inoculated with 

 pus from a glandered guinea pig into the subcutaneous tissue of 

 the abdomen, all died in from four to ten days. There is usually an 

 ulcer formed at the place of inoculation, with enlargement and sup- 

 puration of the neighboring lymphatic glands, enlargement of spleen, 

 which contains numerous yellowish-white nodules. Not infre- 

 quently grayish nodules are present in the lung tissue. Besides 

 these rats, Erinaceus Europeans was also tested with reference to its 

 susceptibility to glanders. Inoculation was uniformly successful. 

 The spleen and. lung tissue were the chief seat of the disease, both 

 being infiltrated with tubercles readily visible to the naked eye. But 

 to these animals the same objection applies in so far as they were 

 tested with material containing glanders bacilli only, which does not 

 prove their utility when septic material must be inoculated. Their 

 resistance to septicaemia can only be determined by inoculating the 

 nasal secretion from glandered horses. 



In Russia the bacteriological station at Odessa \ reports favorably 

 the use of a rodent (Spermophilus guttatus) which takes the place of 

 our prairie dogs in that country, and is closely related to it. Of 



* Cent ralblatt fur Bacteriologie, 1887, ii, p. 241. 



f Kranzfeld: Zur Kenntniss d. Rotzbacillus. Centralbl. f. Bacteriologie, 1887, ii, p. 

 273. 



