154 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



as of importance, some or all of which, may be carried out according' 

 to circumstances: 



(a) Removal of still healthy animals to inclosed uninfected ground or pens as 

 far as possible from infected localities. 



E Destruction of all diseased animals. 

 Careful burial or burning of carcasses. 

 Repeated thorough disinfection of the infected premises. 



(e) Great cleanliness, both as to surroundings and as regards the food, to prevent 

 its becoming infected. 



(a) The importance of this measure need not be insisted upon 

 after what has been stated of the various ways in which pigs may 

 be infected. The distance to which they may be removed will, of 

 course, depend on circumstances. They should be kept so far away 

 that there can be no means of communication either by direct con- 

 tact, by drainage of the surface of the soil, or by gusts of wind. They 

 should not be kept too closely confined, for if the disease should have 

 attacked one or more, and not manifested itself before removal, the 

 infection would become general. Even after this precaution is taken, 

 latent disease among such as are apparently healthy may infect the 

 new grounds and the remaining healthy animals. This danger is in- 

 creased by the fact that not unfrequently a number of animals be- 

 come infected from the same source at the same time. Some will 

 show symptoms very speedily; in others the disease will remain latent 

 for a longer time. Under such circumstances it is impossible to 

 properly isolate the well from the sick. Then there is the difficulty 

 of preventing the healthy animals from carrying the virus on the 

 skin and feet into their new quarters. These drawbacks may be in 

 part overcome by very prompt action when the first signs of disease 

 appear in a herd, before the virus has had an opportunity of being 

 scattered about. The bodies of those to be removed may be fairly 

 well disinfected by pouring over them a 2 per cent, solution of car- 

 bolic acid, and forcing them to walk through such a solution. 



(b) This measure is recommended to prevent the further spread of 

 the virus by the diseased animals. In view of the fact that few re- 

 cover; that even these few are stunted and of little value; that there 

 is no reliable means of treatment which will eventually cure, destruc- 

 tion of all sick animals is the simplest and most economical proced- 

 ure in the end. 



(c) The disposal of carcasses has already been discussed. This 

 very important measure should never be lost sight of. 



(a) Among the various disinfectants which can be recommended 

 are the following : 



No. 1. Slaked or unslaked lime, used both as a powder and as slaked lime contain- 

 ing about 5 to 10 per cent, of dry lime (from one-half to 1 pound of lime to a 

 gallon of water). 



No. 2. Crude carbolic acid, prepared by adding to the crude carbolic acid, obtain- 

 able from druggists at about 90 cents a gallon, an equal quantity of ordinary sul- 

 phuric acid. This mixture is to be carefully added to water in the proportion of 2 

 ounces to 1 gallon of water (about 1 per cent, by volume). 



No. 3. A 1 per cent, solution (by volume) of ordinary sulphuric acid (1 ounces of 

 the acid to 1 gallon of water). 



No. 4. A 2 per cent, solution of carbolic acid. This is prepared by heating the 

 crystals slightly until they melt and adding the resulting liquid to hot water, in the 

 proportion of If ounces to half a gallon of water. (A pound of carbolic acid, crys- 

 tallized, retails at 55 cents.) 



No. 5. Boiling water. 



The careful laboratory experiments with these disinfectants, upon 

 which their practical application is based, are given in the bulletin 



