REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



377 



as to preserve any desired temperature, as even and uniform ripen- 

 ing of the cream is essential to the best product. Cream can be drawn 

 directly into the churn, and the buttermilk from the same runs from 

 the churn by a sewer of glazed Akron tile into the buttermilk tank 

 twenty-five rods distant, from which it is drawn off by the farmer 

 who buys it to feed to hogs or hens. Another long drain carries off 

 the wash- water, while the boiler furnishes hot water and the engine 

 does all the pumping. The butter is put almost wholly in pound 

 prints, and sells in the neighboring markets, comparatively little sur- 

 plus being tubbed and shipped to New York or Boston. Five cream- 

 gatherers, a superintendent who is also chief butter maker, and who 

 has one, and much of the time two assistants, and a treasurer who 

 keeps the accounts, constitute the working force employed in the busi- 

 ness of converting into cash the cream that makes 800 to 1,500 pounds 

 of butter per day. The cream is all gathered within a radius of 6 

 miles from the factory, the longest cream route being about 20 miles 

 for the round trip, An idea of just what is accomplished is best 

 given by the following statement: 



Business done for the past six years. 



The product. 



Spaces. 

 1,766,168 

 1887 1,652,639 

 1886 1,883,5*3 

 1,037,606 

 616,440 

 399, 824 



1885 

 1884 

 1883 



Pounds. 

 271, IP? 

 yr>4; SIM 

 215,788 

 160,004 

 97,159 

 6,776 



The receipts. 



$74,898 

 69,339 

 53,566 

 43. 589 

 32,436 

 18,496 



$155 

 144 

 132 

 183 

 479 

 376 



$480 

 492 

 a34 

 399 

 450 



$75,553 

 69,974 

 58,957 

 44,171 

 33,865 

 19,265 



Ots. 



28.62 

 27.45 

 27.88 

 28.48 

 30. 67 

 30.54 



The 

 expenses. 



$12,928 

 11,208 

 9,054 

 7,128 

 4,447 

 2,840 



Cts. 

 4.45 

 4.40 

 4.22 

 4.41 

 4.68 

 4.59 



The payments. 



$G2, 645 

 58,766 

 49,878 

 37,043 

 28,918 

 16,426 



s* 



Ct8. 



3.63 

 3.55 

 3.64 

 3.82 

 4.10 

 4.09 



Cts. 



23.60 



23.05 



23.66 



24.07 



25.99 



25.95 



* These payments ar not to the patrons. No deductions or allowances are taken out of them. 

 They show the net sum paid the patron for his cream taken at his door. 



The steady increase in the business shows how well the factory has 

 satisfied the co-operators. It is also evidence that the patrons nave 

 cheerfully complied with the regulations as to feeding of cows and 

 caring for the stock, stables, creamers, etc. ; for without this essen- 

 tial co-operation the product would have fallen off in quality the be- 

 ginning of misfortune. First-class butter makers, intelligent mar- 

 keting, and accurate keeping of accounts have also been inseparable 

 in the success of this and other New England co-operative creameries. 

 In short, first-class business management is needed, such as prudent 

 men quickly learn from experience and observation. Making butter 

 the year through almost as much in December and January as in 

 June is another key to the success of our creameries. Indeed, it 

 may be laid down as a rule that the greatest profit in associated 

 dairying is secured only when practically as much butter is made in 

 winter as in summer, and if the surplus can come in January instead 

 of in June so much the better. A statement by months of the chief 

 items of Amherst's business will illustrate how well it carries out this 



