EEPOET OF THE BUEEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 495 



Another calf died last night, and an examination revealed the same state of 

 affairs, except the lung was more engorged and the parasites had penetrated deeper 

 into the lung. I have a half dozen or more calves now very weak, and they look 

 as though they may not survive the week; others much afflicted but still strong. 



I write to ascertain the best mode of treatment, lhave John A. Steel's work, but it 

 is not satisfactory. Fumigations are recommended, but I can hardly see how any good 

 can be derived from their use. I think the worm can stand of this about as much as 

 the calf. Two days ago I commenced drenching each calf, morning and evening, 

 with an ounce of spirits of turpentine and an ounce of linseed oil, the latter to 

 prevent strangling and the former as an anthelmintic, knowing it will be absorbed 

 by the blood and much of it thrown off by the lungs, thus giving the worms a 

 wave of the odor of turpentine at every expiration. I stable at night and graze on 

 upland through the day. 



I have been a practicing physician for more than thirty years, and when I think 

 of the windpipe of man or beast filled up with thousands of worms it seems to me 

 to be a most formidable trouble. I believe it would be more managable in the 

 human than in the brute. 



In answer to Dr. Bering's request for information regarding this 

 disease, he was referred to the Second Annual Report of the Bureau 

 of Animal Industry, which contains an article of considerable 

 length on the treatment of this malady. In the course of his reply 

 Dr. Salmon said: 



Fumigations of sulphur have generally been considered efficacious, although in 

 some cases they fail. The most certain treatment I knaw of is by tracheal injection. 

 I have known of animals being cured by this treatment when they have resisted all 

 other remedies. The formula used is: Oil of turpentine, 2 drachms; carbolic acid, 

 % drops; chloroform, one-half drachm. This has been recommended to be given in 

 one dose by injecting it with a large hypodermic syringe directly into the trachea. 

 If I were treating by this method I should not give more than half of this dose the 

 first time, and see how the animals supported it, A second or third injection 

 might then be made, increasing the dose. 



TEANSMISSION BY MEDIATE CONTAGION. 



The following well-authenticated cases of the transmission of pleuro- 

 pneumonia l}y mediate contagion were given by Dr. W. H. Wray, 

 in May, 1887, while performing the duties of chief inspector for 

 Maryland: 



The following instances show that contagious pleuro-pneumonia can be conveyed, 

 without doubt, by mediate contagion, and that as a preventive measure disinfec- 

 tion of all buildings and surroundings should be thoroughly done: 



Case No. 1. A butcher, who had possession of the wagon used for the convey- 

 ance of animals affected with pleuro-pneumonia, left it in the yard where his 2 cows 

 were kept. About one month after the wagon had been left there, 1 of the cows 

 was taken with acute pleuro-pneumonia. She was slaughtered, and on post-mor- 

 tem examination her left lung was found completely hepatized, well marbled in ap- 

 pearance, and about 1 gallop of serum was found in the thoracic cavity. A few 

 weeks later the other cow was affected and slaughtered, and the same lesions were 

 found in the right lung. These animals were bought by the owner three and four 

 years ago respectively, and had never been away from the place, except to the bull, 

 and for this purpose the last time was fully a year ago. There was no communica- 

 tion with the animals brought on the place for slaughter, neither did any of the 

 butchers or men connected with the slaughter-house come in contact with them. 

 The only thing the two animals came in contact with that had been exposed to 

 pleuro-pneumonia was the wagon referred to. 



Case No, 2. A herd of 34 head of cattle on the Hookstown road was slaughtered 

 on January 5, 18S7. A new barn had been .built about 50 yards from the old one, 

 and filled with new animals about three weeks after. Word was left with the 

 owner that the old stable should be thoroughly disinfected and cleaned before put- 

 ting any more animals in it, and he was requested to let me know when he was 

 ready and I would attend to the matter for him. This he neglected to do, but 

 whitewashed and sprinkled chloride of lime and carbolic acid around the stable 

 himself, thinking this would be sufficient. His new stable being full, and needing 



