the ends of the branchlets. A beautiful 

 object for planted grounds." 



The color of the flowers, which develop 

 on the ends of the younger branches, is 

 a deep and rich scarlet or crimson. Many 

 variations have been produced by grow 

 ing the plants from seeds and one of these 

 bears white flowers. The petals are 

 rounded and usually crumpled. 



The fruit, which is a berry about the 

 size of an ordinary orange, is when fresh 

 usually of a reddish yellow color, becom 

 ing brownish in drying. The rind is 

 thick and leathery, and encloses a quan 



tity of pulp which is filled with a refresh 

 ing juice that is acid. It is of a pinkish 

 or reddish color, and encloses the nu 

 merous angular seeds. Probably the 

 chief value of the plant lies in the use of 

 the fruit as a relish, though the rind of 

 the fruit and the bark of the root are 

 used in medicine. 



The bark contains a large amount of 

 tannin and from it there is also obtained 

 a bright yellow dye, which is used to pro 

 duce the yellow Levant Morocco. 



In regions without frost the tree is 

 often grown for ornamental purposes. 



FISHES AND FISH-CULTURE AMONG THE GREEKS AND 



ROMANS. 



Greek mythology shows us that for a industry has developed and grown to im- 



long time, perhaps many centuries, the mense proportions. The fishmonger has 



ancestors of the Greeks knew but very taken on a character which seems des- 



little about the sea or about rivers. The tined to be eternal. Till this day it has 



numerous monsters of the sea, products suffered no change except that he has 



of the imagination, combined in their transferred to his wife some of the traits 



forms the parts of marine and land ani- that once were his. 



mals, including man. The angry waves The task of supplying the fish-market 

 suggested to them some creature that was of Athens and other cities must have re- 

 wroth; in the ocean depths what more quired a large number of fishermen, 

 likely to be found than the caverns empty For at this time fish might almost be 

 and dry, the homes of the monsters with called the national dish, hence an enor- 

 which they had peopled it? Their knowl- mous consumption, whereas the means of 

 edge of the sea was of very slow growth, capture were far inferior to those of to- 

 It was yet a divine thing in Homer's time, day. As a matter of fact the market was 

 who lived just before the dawn of history, supplied from a very wide area, but chief- 

 Their knowledge of marine life had made ly from the seas to the east. Far along" 

 but little if any greater advance than their the north and south shores of the Black 

 knowledge of the sea itself. The people Sea the industry was a flourishing one^ 

 of Homer make no use whatever of fish. Particularly from these regions were salt- 

 We do not find a word indicating that ed and dried fish supplied. Here they 

 either noble or slave ate fish, although the were prepared in the huts of the individ- 

 bill of fare in the Homeric household is ual fisherman and were gathered up by 

 given to us with considerable fullness. the traders, who sailed their little boats 



Passing over two centuries or more to far and wide in search of traffic. The 

 the Athens of Pericles' time, we will find fish were exchanged for merchandise, es- 

 that a great change has been wrought, pecially for earthen utensils and for cloth- 

 Fish is now the daintiest viand that comes ing. These salted and dried fish were the 

 into the Athenian market. The fishing staple varieties and were supplied to the 



89 



