RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION 



331 



.tal 



To 



pvumonary 



globin of the red corpuscles. Changes taking place in blood are 

 obviously the reverse of those which take place in air in the 

 lungs. Every hundred cubic centimeters of blood going into 

 the lungs contains 8 to 12 c.c. 

 of oxygen, 45 to 50 c.c. of 

 carbon dioxide, and 1 to 2 c.c. 

 of nitrogen. The same amount 

 of blood passing out of the 

 lungs contains 20 c.c. of oxy 

 gen, 38. c.c. of carbon dioxide, 

 and 1 to 2 c.c. of nitrogen. 

 The water, of which about 

 half a pint is given off daily, 

 is mostly lost from the blood. 



Changes in Air in the Lungs. 

 Air is much warmer after 

 leaving the lungs than before 

 it enters them. Breathe on 

 the bulb of a thermometer to 

 prove this. Expired air con- Dia ? ram to show what the blood loses and 



v gains in one of the air sacs of the lungs. 



tains a considerable amount 



of moisture, as may be proved by breathing on a (fold polished 

 surface. This it has taken up in the air sacs of the lungs. The 

 presence of carbon dioxide in expired air may easily be detected 

 by the lime water test. Air such as we breathe out of doors con 

 tains, by volume : 



Nitrogen . . . . . . .-> . '. , ... .' . 76.95 



Oxygen .....,..,. . . 20.61 



Carbon dioxide 03 



Argon . ". . . . . . . ... . . . . . ... . 1-00 



Water vapor (average) . . . . :./. _. 1.40 



Air expired from the lungs contains : 

 Nitrogen . . .... . ..'. . . .' . . ... . 76.95 



Oxygen . . . . < . .-, . . -. . . . . ... -. . . 15.67 



Carbon dioxide . . . . ; . . . . . .. . ... , . .-. ..'. 4.38 



Water vapor ...... ...-,. V . . . . ._, . . . 2 



Argon 1 



