270 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [CHAP. vr. 



bergen expedition in the 'Maclean nets,' and in 

 the same year O. Torell alludes to one of the crus 

 taceans from that depth being of a bright colour. 1 



In 1846 Captain Spratt, R.N., dredged at a depth 

 of 310 fathoms forty miles east of Malta a number 

 of mollusca which have been subsequently examined 

 by Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys and found to be identical with 

 species dredged at considerable depths in the north 

 ern seas during the ' Porcupine ' expedition. The 

 list includes Leda pellucida, PHILIPPI ; Leda acu- 

 minata, JEFFREYS ; Dentalium agile, SAUS ; Hela 

 tenella, JEFFREYS ; Eulima stenostoma, JEFFREYS ; 

 Trophon barvicensis, JOHNSTON ; Pleurotoma cari- 

 natum, BIVONA; and Philine quadrata, S. V. WOOD. 

 Captain Spratt observes that he " believed animal 

 life to exist much lower, although the general 

 character of the JEgean is to limit it to 300 

 fathoms." 2 



In 1850 Michael Sars, in an account of a zoolo 

 gical excursion in Finland and Loffoten, expressed 

 his conviction that there is a full development of 

 animal life at considerable depths off the Norwegian 

 coast. He enumerated nineteen species taken by 

 himself at depths beyond 300 fathoms, and pointed 

 out that two of these were the largest species 

 known of their respective genera. 3 



1 Nachrichten der Konigl. Gesellsch. der Wissensch. zu Gottingen. 

 Marz 1846. 



2 On the Influence of Temperature upon the Distribution of th( 

 Fauna in the ^Egean Sea. Report of the Eighteenth Meeting of th( 

 British Association, 1848. 



3 Beretning om en i Sommeren, 1849, foretagen zoologisk Reise 

 Lofoten og Finmarken. Christiania, 1850. 



