CHAPTER VII. 



DEEP-SEA TEMPERATURES. 



Ocean Currents and their general Effects on Climate. Determination 

 of Surface Temperatures.- -Deep-sea Thermometers. The ordinary 

 Self-registering Thermometer on Six's principle. The Miller- 

 Casella modification. The Temperature Observations taken during 

 the Three Cruises of H.M.S. < Porcupine ' in the year 1869. 



APPENDIX A. Surface Temperatures observed on' board H.M.S 



'Porcupine' during the Summers of 1869 and 1870. 

 APPENDIX B. -Temperature of the Sea at different Depths near the 



Eastern Margin of the North Atlantic Basin, as ascertained by 



Serial and by Bottom Soundings. 

 APPENDIX C. Comparative Hates of Keduction of Temperature with 



Increase of Depth at Three Stations in different Latitudes, all o; 



them on the Eastern Margin of the Atlantic Basin. 

 APPENDIX D. Temperature of the Sea at different Depths in the 



Warm arid Cold Areas lying between the North of Scotland 



the Shetland Islands, and the Faeroe Islands ; as ascertained by 



Serial and Bottom Soundings. 

 APPENDIX E. Intermediate Bottom Temperatures showing the Inter 



mixture of Warm and Cold Currents on the Borders of the 



Warm and Cold Areas. 



Itf the surface of this world of ours were one 

 uniform shell of dry land, other circumstances ol 

 its central heat, its relation in position to the sun, 

 and to its investing atmospheric envelope, remaining 

 the same, some zones would present certain pecu- 



