308 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [CHAP. vn. 



mity two ocean areas with totally different bottom 

 climates a fact which, taken along with the dis 

 covery of abundant animal life at all depths, has 

 most important hearings upon the distribution of 

 marine life, and upon the interpretation of paheon to- 

 logical data. 



The conditions during the * Lightning ' cruise were 

 so unfavourable to careful observation, that we deter 

 mined to take the earliest opportunity of going over 

 this region again, and determining the limits of these 

 warm and cold areas, and investigating their con 

 ditions more in detail. Accordingly, in the follow 

 ing year, when we had H.M.S. 'Porcupine' at our 

 disposal, Dr. Carpenter and I once more left Storno- 

 way on the 15th of August, 1869. On this occasion 

 we had everything in our favour; the weather was 

 beautiful, the vessel suitable, and we were provided 

 with Miller- Casella thermometers on whose accuracy 

 we could depend. A table of Captain Calver's valu 

 able thermometrical observations during this cruise 

 is given in Appendix A to this chapter. 



We proceeded to very nearly the same spot where 

 we had taken our first sounding on the former year, 

 and took a warm area temperature of 7*7 C. Station 

 No. 46 (Plate IV.). We then moved on slowly 

 towards the Pfferoe fishing banks, finding in succes 

 sion at Stations 47, 49, and 50, - 6'5, 7'6, and 7'9 C. 

 At Station 51, about 40 miles south of the bank, 

 there was a decided fall of temperature the ther 

 mometer indicating 5'6 C. at a depth of 440 fathoms ; 

 and about 20 miles directly northwards a sounding 

 at Station 52, lat. 60 25' N., long. 8 10' W., at a 

 depth of only 380 fathoms, gave a minimum tern- 



