INDEX. 



791 



naturally divided into the three 

 orders of aerial, terrestrial, and 

 aquatic, 580 ; bird-rocks of the north 

 ern seas, 580; tameness of many 

 kinds, 581; singing-birds, 682 ; orders 

 and species, 582 ; species in Britain, 

 82; locomotive powers of birds, 

 682 ; localities of birds, and their 

 migrations, 583 ; distribution of the 

 varieties of, 592 ; fossil remains of, 

 during the several periods, 640. 



Birs Nimrood, view of, 1 ; ruins of, 2. 



Bise, a cold, piercing wind in France, 

 450. 



Bison, the, 5S9, 598. 



Bituminous, or pitch springs, 275 ; 

 fossils, 642 ; matter, 779. 



Black Sea, 347, 366 ; was once united to 

 the inland Asian seas, 578. 



Blanc, Mont, description of, and 

 ascents to, 203, 205. 



Blesson, Mr, his researches regarding 

 the ignis-fatuus, 644. 



Bloomfield, Robert, quoted, 467. 



Blue John Mine, description of, 24S; 

 view of "Organ" stalactite in, 249. 



Blumenbach, Professor, 601, 604606, 

 753. 



Boa constrictor, the, 579. 



Bode, Professor, his observation of the 

 planetary system, 46 ; his catalogue 

 of the stars, 158. 



Bodies, the heavenly, were anciently 

 objects of superstitious regard and 

 fear, 3 ; animal and vegetable, con 

 tain carbonate of lime, 623. 



Body, the human, cai bear great ex 

 tremes of heat and cold, 484 ; diver 

 sities of the human, in different 

 races, 605; its growth, decay, and 

 diseases the same in all races, 608 ; 

 its bones and teeth contain much 

 carbonate of lime, 623. 



Bohemian coal-mines, 702. 



Boleslaw lake, in Bohemia, 320. 



Bolton and Manchester Railway, fossil 

 trees on the, 705. 



Bombay, annual rain-falls at, 470. 



Bone, how to petrify, 642. 



Bone Well, view of the, 667. 



Bones principally composed of carbo 

 nate of lime, 623. 



Bonpland, Aim<5, 518, 576. 



Bootes, the herdsman, or bear-keeper, 

 constellation of, 6, 153; apparently 

 pursues Ursa Major round the pole 

 of the heavens, 154. 



Boothia, western coast of, 523. 



Borelli developed the influence of gra 

 vity, 38. 



Borrowdale, purs lumbago found in, 

 624. 



Borrowstounness, fossil shells at, 775. 



Bory de St Vincent, M., 548. 



Bosphorus, mouth of the, 199 ; view of, 

 347 ; drains the Black Sea, 3G6. 



Botanical regions of plants, 660564. 



Bothnia, gulf of, 328. 



Bouguer, M., 533. 



Boulders, 342, 751, 760, d scq,. 



Bourbon, isle of, 581. 



Bovine race, the, 508, 698, 600, 601, 

 605, 606. 



Brachiopoda, fossil, illustrated, 665. 



Bradley, Rev. James, was the third 

 astronomer-royal, 42 ; discovered the 

 cause of the aberration of the stars, 

 43 ; also the nutation of the earth's 

 axis, 43 ; his great industry, 43 ; his 

 death ignorantly interpreted as a 

 divine judgment, 43, 44. 



Brandes, Professor, 131. 



Brazil, forests of, 556. 



Bread-fruit tree, the, 563. 



Breakwater in Plymouth Sound, 850. 



Breccia, its formation, 624. 



Brecon, view of hills near, 667, 

 682. 



Breeds, mixed animal, 609. 



Breezes, alternate land and sea, 444 

 446. 



Breiddin group of hills, 680. 



Bremontier, M., 549. 



Brescia, disastrous explosion in the 

 city of, 521. 



Bridge, natural, in Virginia, descrip 

 tion and view of, 291 ; Ain el Leban, 

 301. 



Bridlington bay, 394. 



Brighton, atmospherical spectra seen 

 at, 540. 



Bristol Channel, tide in the, 356, 358. 



Britain, climate of ancient, 607 ; the 

 Romans in, 507 ; early surface of, 

 771, 782 ; diagram of the succession 

 of strata in, 638 ; granitic rocks of, 

 645 ; coal strata of, 652. 



British Association, 350. 



British Channel, the, produced by a 

 disruption between France and Eng 

 land, 578. 



British Museum, remarkable slab in 

 the, 715 ; saurians in the, 72]. 



Brittany, climate of, 493. 



Broaw, peat district of Loch, 769. 



Brocken, account of the spectre of the, 

 with illustrative view, 541. 



Brockhill, view of trap-dyke at, 631. 



Brongniart, M., 643, 651, 657, 703, 704, 

 736, 738. 



Brooke, Sir A. de Capell, 332. 



Brown, Mr R., his botanical researches, 

 566. 



Bruce, James, of Kinnaird, his ima 

 gined discovery of the source of the 

 Nile, 279 ; his description of its 

 localities, 295 ; of the simoom, 447 ; 

 of a sand-storm, 456 ; of wild oats, 

 567. 



Bruno, Jordano, maintains the proper 

 motions of stars, 177. 



Brydone, citations from his Tour in 

 Sicily and Malta, 160, 369, 639 ; his 

 account of a sirocco, 449. 



Buch, Von, 619, 650, 711. 



Buckland, Dr, 251254. 619, 630, 672, 

 673, 681, 682, 702, 703, 712, 714, 720, 

 721, 723, 725, 734, 757, 762. 



Buenos Ayres, drought at, 472 ; hail 

 storm in, 479 ; fatal thunder-storm in, 

 618 ; insects of, 574 ; estuary deposits 

 near, 567. 



Buffalo, 598, 606. 



Buffon, the Count de, 497, 586, 587. 



Bullers of Buchan, 648. 



Burdie-house, limestone, 694. 



Burnes, the late Sir Alexander, 422. 



Buxton wells, 269. 



Byron, Lord, quotations from theworka 

 of, 159, 261, 286, 326, 334, 399, 448 ; 

 swims across the Hellespont, 366. 



Cabro di Capello, 679. 



Cactus family of plants, indigenous 



only to America, 558 ; botanical 



region of the, 561. 

 Caddis-worms, fossil, 745. 

 Cader Idris, lake on, 324 ; porphyritic 



columnar trap of, 627. 

 Caen Stone, 725. 

 Cainozoic period, 638. 

 Cairngorm, district of, 649. 

 Calami tes in carboniferous strata, view 



of, 700. 



Calcutta, annual rain-falls at, 471. 

 Calm at sea, illustration of a, 438. 

 Cambrian system, 637, 662. 

 Camel, the, 590. 

 Campagna di Roma, is mainly volcanic, 



427. 



Canada, lakes of, 318 ; climate of, 497. 

 Canary Islands, 362, 441. 

 Cancer, or constellation of the Crab, 



150. 



Canis Major, and Canis Minor, constel 

 lations of, 154. 



Canton, unwonted snow-fall at, 475. 

 Cape Cod, view of sand-drift at, 761. 



Cape Horn, view of, 848 ; Aurora Aus- 

 tralis seen at, 527. 



Cape of Good Hope, observatory estab 

 lished at, 156 ; coast and harbour, 

 503; thistle-butterfly found at the. 

 672. 



Capricornus, or constellation of the 

 Goat, 151. 



Caprifoliaceae, region of the, 561. 



Caraccas, coast of, 362, 364 ; earth 

 quakes in, 431. 



Caradoc sandstones, 668 ; group, 674 ; 

 hill of Caer, 680. 



Carbonate of lime, enters into com 

 position of organic and inorganic 

 bodies, 623. 



Carboniferous system, 638, 640, 642 ; 

 coal often turned to coke in the, 652 ; 

 chapter on the, 690 707. 



Cardona, salt-mines of, 711. 



Cardoon plant, the, its wonderful fer 

 tility, 569. 



Carex plant, of great use to the Lap 

 landers, 660. 



Carlsbad, granitic veins at, 650. 



Carnans, fall of the mountain, 408. 



Carniola, caverns of, 671. 



Carnivorous races of men, 597. 



Carrara marble, 624, 632. 



Caryophillse, botanical region of the. 

 560. 



Caspian, the, 311, 314, 323, 324, 578. 



Cassia plants, 563. 



Cassini discovered satellites of Saturn. 

 34, 45. 



Cassiopeia, constellation of, new star 

 appears in the, 167. 



Cassiquiaire river, singularity of the, 

 280 ; its junction with the Orinoco, 

 299, 500. 



Castalia, or Castaly, fountain of, 260, 

 261 ; views of, 260, 614. 



Castleton Dale cavern, description of, 

 244, 692. 



Cat, notices of the, 588, 598. 



Catalogues of stars, 143, 158, 1C6, et al. 



Catania, city of, 410. 



Cataracts, how formed, 283 ; of the 

 Nile, 284. 



Catecucaumene, or burnt-up region of 

 Asia Minor, 429 ; view in the, 430. 



Catenipora escaroides, view of the, 

 640. 



Catlin, Mr, 762. 



Cattle, varieties of, C01, 606. 



Caucasian race of men, 601, 609. 



Caucasus, mountains of the, 218 ; road 

 made in by Alexander of Russia, 

 219 ; great plain of the, 224 ; steppes 

 of the, 225 ; snow-line of the, 488. 



Caverns and subterranean passages, 

 238 258; temperature diverse in, 

 249251 ; fossils of, 251255 ; the 

 Delphian in Greece, 239 ; Thor"s, in 

 Derbyshire, 239 ; of Sweden, Norway, 

 &c., 240 ; of Fingal, in Staff a, 241 ; of 

 Iceland, 242; of Eldon Hole, 242; 

 of Peveril of the Peak, 243 ; of 

 Castleton Dale, 244, 692; of the 

 Guacharo, 245 ; stalactitic, such as 

 Antiparos, 246 ; and Adelsberg, 247 ; 

 of Blue John mine, 248 ; of Kirkdale, 

 251 ; of Devonshire, &c., 252 ; of 

 Germany, 254 ; of Gailenrenth, 254, 

 255 ; Grotto del Cane, at Naples, 

 255 ; others similar to it, 256 ; of 

 Dudley Castle, 257 ; of Odin's Mine, 

 258 ; of Carniola, 571 ; at Notting 

 ham Castle, 707, 710. 



Cayenne, humidity of, 471. 



Cayman, the, 579. 



Cayster, the river, 398. 



Cedar- tree, respect of the Arabs for the, 

 659. 



Celano, lake, the ancient Fucinus, 312. 



Century, eighteenth, opened with the 

 physical demonstrations of Newton, 

 and closed with the telescopic dis 

 coveries of Herschel, 44 ; nineteenth, 



