792 



commenced with additions to the 

 planetary system, 46. 



Cephalaspis, the, illustrated, CSC. 



Cerastes, the, or horned snake, 579. 



Cereals, the, or cultivated grains, 552 ; 

 tropical regions not favourable to the 

 growth of, 553, 554, 597 ; origin of 

 the, 567, 594. 



Ceres, the planetoid, 91. 



Cerithium giganteum, view of the, 

 744. 



Ceylon, island of, 590. 



Chsetodon rostratus, or insect-shooting 

 fish, 575. 



Chalcedony, 655. 



Chaldea, the plains of, the primal seat 

 of astronomy, 4. 



Chaldeans, their priests noted the rising 

 and setting of the stars, 2 ; eclipses, 

 3 ; were acquainted with cycle of 

 days, 3 ; invented the zodiac, 3. 



Chalk, notices of, 372, C35 637; of 

 England, Ireland, and foreign coun 

 tries, 731, et scq.; composition of, 

 733. 



Challenger, loss of the frigate, 3C5. 



Chalmers, Mr, 620. 



Chamouni, valley of, 203, 208, 209, 

 372, 645, 647. 



Champagne, poor soil of, 736. 



Chandler, Dr, his account of Castaly, 

 &c., 261, 398. 



Change common to man and universal 

 nature, 370. 



Changes in oceanic regions, chapter on 

 the, 370385 ; by denudation of the 

 land, 370372 ; by accretions, 373 ; 

 by elevations of the bed of the sea, as 

 of volcanic islands, 374 380 ; and 

 coral islands and reefs, 380 385. 



Charles Island, 581. 



Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire, 645 ; 

 granitic veins in, illustrated, 650 ; 

 rocks of, 662, 752. 



Charybdis and Scylla, 367309. 



Chateaubriand, M., his adventure at 

 Niagara Falls, 290. 



Chellaston gypsum, 711. 



Chert, 677. 



Cheshire, rock-salt of, 712, 778. 



Chiastolite slate, 60S. 



Chichester, antique slab found at, 728. 



Chili, accounts of earthquakes in, 405, 

 406, 431 ; its climate, 486 ; its flora, 

 562, 564 ; Chonos archipelago, near, 

 568. 



Chiltern Hundreds, the, 736. 



Chimboraco, Mount, 203, 205, 221, 

 645. 



China, flora of, 663 ; people of, 602. 



Chinese claim the honour of first ob 

 serving the celestial sphere, 4 ; their 

 native histories of dubious credit, 4. 



Chinese porcelain, felspar a component 

 of, 648. 



Chinese seas, the, 371 ; boatmen, their 

 complexions, 03. 



Chirotherium, view of fossil traces of 

 the, 714. 



Chlorite, its nature, and where found, 

 623, 659. 



Chronology, geological, 621. 



Cicero's villa, alleged remains of, 405. 



Cinchonse, or medicinal barks, region 

 of, 561. 



Cirknitz, lake of, 323. 



Cirrocumulus, or sondercloud, 467. 



Cirrostratus, or wanecloud, 467. 



Cirrus, or curlcloud, 464. 



Civilisation has arisen out of the wants 

 and weakness of man, 596 ; is favour 

 able to longevity, 607. 



Classes of mankind, five grand, 601 

 604. 



Classes of plants, 548 550 : of animals 

 571. 



Classification of rocks, 622642. 



Clathrarise, fossil forests of, 730. 



Clay slate system, 638, 662, et al. 



INDEX. 



Claystone, a kind of basalt, 653 ; por 

 phyry, 654. 



Clearness of the ocean waters, 331. 



Cleavage planes in strata, 630. 



Clermont, valley of, its characteristics, 

 428. 



Cleveland basaltic wall, 654. 



Climate, chapter on physical, 484 515 ; 

 definition of the term, 484 ; deter 

 mining causes of, 484 ; by geographi 

 cal position, 485 ; by land-levels, 486 

 492 ; by oceanic proximity, 492 

 495 ; from various other causes, 495 

 504 ; in equatorial and hot regions, 

 604 ; in warm, temperate, and cold 

 regions, 505 ; in frozen, 506 ; changes 

 of, inquiry into, 507 509 ; excessive 

 winters, 609 513; summers, 513 

 615 ; changes shewn by geological 

 researches, 515 ; extremes of heat 

 and cold in opposite, 596 ; influences 

 complexion, 602 ; of the tropics, fatal 

 to Europeans, 608. 



Clinkstone, a felspathian basalt, 653. 



Clouds, 462 468 ; lightning, have been 

 traversed with impunity, 517. 



Clyde, river, and Severn, singularity of 

 their courses, 280. 



Clywdd, vale of, 668, 752. 



Coal, localities of, 620 ; zigzag stratum 

 of, 625; "fault" in strata, 629; 

 deceptive signs of, 629 ; fossil leaves 

 in, 631 ; localities of, 639 ; strata of, 

 654 ; importance of, 690 ; unknown 

 to the ancients, 691 ; earliest men 

 tion of in English history, 691 ; coal- 

 bearing system, 692 694 ; measures, 

 694 ; beds of, in Britain, 696699 ; 

 mining of, 699 ; districts, 700702 ; 

 foreign localities of, 702 ; fossil ferns 

 in, 703 ; sigillarise in, 704 ; stigmarise, 

 lepidodendra, and catamites in, 705 ; 

 conifer hi, 700. 



Coasts, advance of, 397 406. 



Coccosteus, the, illustrated, 687. 



Cocoa-palm, the, 557. 



Cod-fish, 577. 



Col du Midi, 646. 



Cold regions, climate of, 505. 



Colebrook in Connecticut, gneiss at, 

 625. 



Coleridge, S. T., citations from his 

 hymn before sunrise in the valley of 

 Chamouni, 209; from his Ancient 

 Mariner, 328, 450. 



Colours of water in lakes, 322, 331 ; in 

 the ocean, 330 ; of the various races 

 Of men, 599601 ; of animals, 600. 



Columbia, gold found in, 634. 



Columbia Eiver, springs of the, 279 ; 

 bisons of the, 589 ; trap rocks of the, 

 627. 



Columbus, his great discovery, 194, 

 359, 360, 439 ; first observed the 

 trade-winds, 439 ; incident in his 

 second voyage, 520. 



Columnar structure of rocks, 626. 



Comets, general observations on, opi 

 nions of the ancients respecting, 

 origin of the word, their character 

 istics and diversities, 108 ; differences 

 between them and planets, 109 ; 

 opinions regarding, of Aristotle, 

 Seneca, Tycho BraW, 109 ; researches 

 relative to, of Hevelius, Newton, and 

 Halley, 109 ; diagram of the path of 

 one, 110 ; statistics of, 110 ; general 

 characteristics of, 110 ; comet of the 

 year 1680, speculations and calcula 

 tions regarding the, 111 ; comet of 

 1682, commonly called Bailey's, 112 ; 

 predictions of that astronomer, 113 ; 

 verified by its return in the years 

 1758 and 1835, 113 ; appearances of, 

 and speculations regarding, in former 

 times, 114 ; illustrations of cometary 

 phenomena, 116 ; details of various 

 other comets, 117 119 ; comet of 

 1811, 119121; Arago's table of 



comets, 121 ; Encke's and Biela's 

 comets, 122 ; comet of ] 843, 123 

 127 ; transformations of, 127 ; gene 

 ral reflections on comets, 127 ; irra 

 tionality of the fears indulged regard 

 ing them, 128130 ; periodical, 192. 



Commerce, the pursuits of, first stimu 

 lated the knowledge of geography, 

 193 ; extended, arose first in Egypt, 

 194 ; thence spread to Western 

 Europe, 194. 



Como, lake of, intermitting spring near 

 the, 266 ; mica-schist of the, 601. 



Complexion of the different races of 

 men, 599601. 



Composite, arborescent, 5C2. 



Composition of rocks, 622. 



Compound stars, 172 179. See Stars. 



Comrie, atmospheric phenomenon seen 

 near the village of, 542. 



Conception, bay of, 775. 



Condamine, M. do la, 239. 



Conductors, lightning, their use and 

 importance, 520 ; used by the ancients, 

 522. 



Conglomerate rocks, 624. 



Conglomerates, 662, et al. 



Coniferse, view of fossil, 706, 709. 



Conjunction of the planets Saturn, 

 Jupiter, and Mars, I(i7. 



Connecticut river, the, 714; valley, 

 715. 



Constantine, the emperor, 33. 



Constellations, general list of, 143 : of 

 the zodiac, 149 152; of the northern 

 hemisphere, 152 154 ; of the south 

 ern, 155. 



Conto, Mont, in the"Val Bregaglia, 410. 



Contorted lamination in strata, 625. 



Conybeare, Mr, 619, 657, 682, 708, 721, 

 722, 736, 741, 752. 



Cook, Captain James, his second voyage 

 and its results, 196, 504, 527, 563. 



Copernicus, 8 ; revolutionised for ever 

 astronomical science, 19 ; particulars 

 of his life, 19 ; his scheme of the 

 universe, 20 22 ; anticipated the 

 discovery, seventy years after his 

 death, of the phases of Venus by 

 Galileo, 30. 



Copper and zinc conjoined in tho 

 Cornish mines, 633, 634. 



Coprolites, 694. 



Cor Caroli, constellation of, 147. 



Coral islands and reefs, 326, 380385 ; 

 blocks, view of, 380 ; how formed, 

 382; those of Australia, 383385; 

 of the Pacific ocean, S84 ; usually 

 inhabited, 596. 



Coral ragstone, 726. 



Corals, formation of, 767 ; illustrations 

 of, 768. 



Cordilleras, the, 221, et al, 492, 591 ; 

 insect swarms of, 574 ; aged Indians 

 of the, 607. 



Corinth, limestone rocks in the gulf of, 

 612. 



Cornbrash limestone, 724. 



Cornwall, rich in felspar, 623 ; mines 

 of, 633; tin of, 649; erratic block 

 in, 762. 



Corrao, volcanic island of, 376. Seo 

 Hotham Island. 



Corstorphine Hill, 652, 763. 



Cortes, a servant of, first sowed wheat 

 in America, 567. 



Cotopaxi, description and view of, 211, 

 221, 781. 



Cotton quoted, 242. 



Cotyledonous plants, 550. 



Coulommiers, section of a hill at, 738. 



Coup de soleil, 505. 



Cowper quoted, 452. 



Crab, the land, its migrations, 578. 



Craigleith quarry, fossil tree in, 706. 



Crampton, Mr, on the Mare Imbrium, 

 85. 



Creator, original design of the, 785, 

 etal. 



