INDEX. 



799 



phenomena, 76 ; has served as a 

 measurer of time, 76 ; diagram of her 

 phases, 77; is evidently not self- 

 luminous, 77 ; its ashy light, or 

 earth-shine, 78; her distance from 

 the earth, diameter, motions, and 

 tour round the earth, 78 ; luni-solar 

 period of Meton, 79 ; how her eclipses 

 are caused, 79 ; remarkable eclipse 

 of, as seen in Africa, 79 ; turns 

 always the same face to the earth, 

 80 ; librations of the, 80 ; earth is 

 invisible to a moiety of the inhabit 

 ants of the, 80 ; equality of day and 

 night on the, 81 ; uncertainty as to 

 there being any atmosphere around 

 the, 81 ; superficial appearances of 

 the, 81 83 ; phenomena attending 

 the occultation of, 81 ; maps of the, 

 83 ; supposed mountains and seas in 

 the, 83 85 ; imagined volcanoes in 

 the, 84 ; delusions as to the appear 

 ances of the, 85 ; occupations of the, 

 86 ; tides are caused by the, 86, 352, 

 353 ; imputed lunar influences exa 

 mined, 86, 482 ; light of the, its 

 peculiarities, utility, and amount of, 

 87 ; the earth reciprocates reflected 

 light with the, 88. 



Moonbeams, supposed malign effect 

 of, 87, 482. 



Moore, Thomas, his Canadian Boat- 

 song, 284 ; his account of the Baha 

 mas, 333 ; lines on the acacia, 563. 



Morasses, 768. 



Jlorat, lake of, 331. 



Morayshire floods, 292, 416420, 692, 

 593. 



Moselle, course of the river, 282 ; colour 

 of its waters, 283. 



Moskwa, Prince of the, his ascent of 

 the Pyrenees, 161. 



Mososaurus, the, 736. 



Moss plants, 551 ; botanical region of, 

 560. 



Mountain limestone in the coal forma 

 tion, 691. 



Mountain-slips. See Land-slips. 



Mountains, definition of the term, 200 ; 

 length of the principal chains of, 201; 

 heights of the chief, in Europe, Asia, 

 Africa, America, and the Antarctic 

 continent, 203 205 ; land changes 

 among, 407421 ; unstratified, 408 ; 

 stratified, 409 ; plants of, 550 ; rich 

 flora of, 557 ; table of the vegetation 

 on, 557 ; some wholly composed of 

 organic matter, 635. 



Mourne, mountains of, 649. 



Moutiers, springs of, 270. 



Mowna Eoa volcano, in the Sandwich 

 islands, 206, 210. 



Mudstone, 669. 



Multiple or compound stars. See 

 Stars. 



Muncaster Fell, Cumberland, 644. 



Murad IV., Sultan, 312. 



Murchison, Sir K. I., observations of, 

 627, 628, 666, 670, 678, 680, 681, 684, 

 687, 689, 694, 699, 731. 



Muschelkalk of Germany, 708, 713. 



Myans, Abymes de, 412. 



Mycene, view of Cyclopean remains at, 

 766. 



Mysore, sheep of the, 600. 



Naphtha springs at Baku, 275. 



Napier, his invention of logarithms, 

 33. 



Naples, bay of, 403. 



Naseby, battle-field of, 279. 



Nativities, calculation of, 4. 



Nature always is changing, though man 

 is slow to perceive it, 370. 



Nautical Almanac, its uses, 144. 



Nebulae, the, examined by Sir William 

 Herschel, 46 ; appearances and prob 

 able nature of, 180 ; chapter on the, 

 180 189; their immense distance 



from us, 180 ; catalogue of, by Sir J. 

 Herschel, 181 ; their aspects, 182 

 188 ; nebulae in Hercules, 182 ; in 

 Doradus; Pollux, and Sobieski's 

 Shield, 183; planetary and double 

 nebulae, 184; nebula in Orion, 185; 

 dumb-bell and halo nebulae, 187 ; 

 what are the nebulae? 188. 



Needle Rocks, the, Isle of Wight, S93 ; 

 views of, 394, 656. 



Negroes, complexions of, 599 ; heads 

 of, 603 ; skulls of, 604, 605 ; longevity 

 of, 607 ; natural equality of the race 

 of, 609. 



Neocomium, 732. 



Neptune, planet, 102 106; satellites 

 of, 191. 



Neptunists, the disciples of Werner, 

 618. 



Nereidina, the, 666. 



Nettle, the English, now rife in North 

 America, 569. 



Neva, the river, 292. 



New, variable, and compound stars, 

 166179. 



New Zealand, flora of, 562. 



Newcastle coal-fields, 696 698. 



Newfoundland, 339. 



Newton, Sir Isaac, 10, 34 ; was much 

 indebted to Flamstead's labours, 37 ; 

 his birthplace, 38 ; was the architect 

 of physical astronomy, though his 

 reputation was not much extended 

 till long after his death, 38 ; popular 

 tradition concerning the manifesta 

 tion of gravitation, 38 ; rationale of 

 that great law, 39; Newton left a 

 more thorough investigation of the 

 subject to his successors, 40 ; his 

 house at Woolsthorpe, description of, 

 40 ; was associated with Halley in his 

 labours, 41 ; was the founder of 

 physical astronomy, 41 ; his tidal 

 theory, 352. 



Ngami, the hake, 312. 



Niagara, falls of, 287290; river of, 

 324. 



Nichol, Dr, his illustration of double 

 motions, 13; his reasoning on the 

 multiple stars, 174 ; on nebulae, 186. 



Niebuhr, 266. 



Nile, source of the river, 278, 279, 283 ; 

 its inundations, 294 296, 307 ; 

 breadth, 302 ; ancient and present 

 condition of, 397, 400, 421 ; croco 

 diles of the, 579; alluvium of the, 

 777. 



Nimbus, or raincloud, 468. 



Nitrogen, with oxygen, forms air, 622. 



Noah, ark of, 593. 



Non-fossiliferous rocks, division of, 

 635, et at. 



North Cape, 650, 773 ; sun at midnight 

 at the, 51. 



Northampton, Marquis of, 721. 



Northern lights. See Aurora Borealis. 



Northwich, brine springs at, 712. 



Norway, transparency of water in the 

 lakes of, 322 ; fiords of, 332 ; pines 

 of, 552 ; diallage of, 650 ; shores of, 

 773. 



Norwich, altered position of the city 

 of, 396. 



Nottingham Castle, views of, 707, 710. 



Nova Zembla, 588, 596. 



Numa, said to have brought fire from 

 heaven, 521. 



Number, distance, and magnitude of 

 the stars, 158165. 



Nyiie, or New Island, near Iceland, its 

 volcanic appearance and disappear 

 ance, 376. 



Oak-trees, boundary of the growth of, 



552. 



Oases of Egypt, 226. 

 Obsidian, or volcanic glass, 653, 781. 

 Observatories, list of public and private, 



192 ; Tycho Brand's at Uraniberg, 25, 



26; at Greenwich (see Greenwich 

 Observatory) ; at Paramatta, main 

 tained by government, 157 ; of Paris, 

 rain-gauge kept at the, 469 ; temper 

 ature in the substructions of the 

 latter, 501. 



Occultations of the stars and planets, 

 14; of Mars and Saturn, 14; of 

 Jupiter and Saturn, 81 ; explanation 

 of the term, 86 ; occultations of fixed 

 stars, 164. 



Ocean, the, is continuous, but divided 

 into five grand divisions, 196; Arctic, 

 Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Ant 

 arctic Oceans, their several limits, 

 197 ; influences, by its temperature, 

 the climates of the earth, 492 ; 

 general chapter on the, 325 348; 

 its extent and influences, 325; our 

 knowledge of its boundaries, 325; 

 its unequal depths, 326 ; composition, 

 327330 ; specific gravity, 328 ; bit 

 terness, 329 ; colour, 330 ; trans 

 parency, 331 333 ; phosphorescence, 

 333, 575 ; calms and storms, 334 ; 

 temperature, 335 337; ice, 337 

 345 ; coast-line of Atlantic and 

 Pacific, 345 ; the Mediterranean, 346 

 348 ; weeds of the Atlantic, 348 ; 

 effects of typhoons in the Indian, 593 ; 

 muriate of lime in the waters of the, 

 624. 



Oceania. See Australasia. 



Oceanic highways. See Tides. 



Ochill Hills, 683. 



Odin's Mine, Derbyshire, description 

 and view of entrance to, 258. 



Odours of human races, 605. 



Ohio, river, its scenery, 306 ; prevailing 

 winds in the valley of the, 450 ; 

 mastodon in the, 755. 



Oil, effect of, in stilling waves, 351. 



Olafsen, 592. 



Gibers, Professor, 47, 137. 



Olive-tree, the, 568. 



Olmne, 652. 



Olmstead, Professor, 141, 142. 



Oolitic system, 620, 638, 640, 642; 

 chapter on the, 717 731 ; develop 

 ment of, in England, 718 ; shells of 

 the, 719721 ; saurians in, 721724, 

 729, 730 ; lithic and other materials 

 of, 724 727 ; distribution of, in 

 England, 727 729; speculations on 

 the, 730. 



Opossum, the, 589, 591. 



Optical phenomena, chapter on, 516 

 545 ; lightning, 516, 517 ; electricity 

 in southern latitudes, 518 ; different 

 kinds of lightning, 519 ; meteoric 

 lights, 520 ; lightning strokes, 520 

 522 ; magnetism and electricity con 

 generic, 522 ; aurora borealis and 

 aurora australis, 523 529; halos, 

 530 ; parhelia, 530 532 ; paraselenae, 

 532 ; rainbows, solar and lunar, 532 

 535 ; aerial illusions, 535 ; the 

 mirage, 536 ; illusions by refraction, 

 536538; the fata morgana, 538 

 540; illusions by reflection, 540 

 542; by reflection and refraction 

 combined, 542; ignis-fatuus, 543 

 545. 



Oran-outang, the, 595. 



Orange-trees, prolific, 570. 



Orbits of the planets, 64 ; orbit of the 

 earth, 161. 



Order of successive strata fixed and 

 universal, 639. 



Organic alluvium, 767. 



Origin of springs, inquiry into the, 

 262 ; of lakes, 308 ; of plants, 563, et 

 seq.; of animals, 571, et seq.; of man, 

 595, et seq. 



Orinoco Eiver, 230, 280, 292, 297, 439 ; 

 climate of plains of the, 492; wooded 

 banks of the, 555 ; confluents of the, 

 576; Manatus Americanus of the, 

 678 ; floods of the, 584 ; wild horses 



