INDEX. 



801 



Polirschiefer, composition of, 749. 



Polistena, effects of volcanic action at, 

 432 ; view of fissures at, 432 ; view of 

 circular hollows at, 433. 



Polynesia, population of, 596. 



Polypi, tribes of, 572. 



Pompeii, city, 212, 423425, 781. 



Pompey's pillar, 644. 



Pomponius Mela, 535. 



Pont- Royal at Paris, quantity of water 

 passing through tlie, 263. 



Pools, wherein they differ from lak';s, 

 308. 



Population of the five regions of the 

 globe, 596 



Porphyry, 651 ; composition of the 

 porphyries, 654. 



Portici, city of, 410. 



Portland, stone of the Isle of, 726 

 728. 



Port Royal in Jamaica, earthquake at, 

 and its effects, 386. 



Portsoy, Banffshire, 644, 649, 651. 



Post-tertiary system, 638, 641. 



Potato, the, imported from the New 

 World to the Old, 507 ; not found 

 wild by Humboldt, 567 ; but dis 

 covered by later authorities, 568. 



Potosi, silver-mine of, 634. 



Pottery-ware, felspar used in com 

 pounding, 623. 



Powis Castle rock illustrated, fi27. 



Pozzuoli, view of, 404 ; earthquakes at, 

 404. 



Prairies of North America, 234, 589. 



Presepe, constellation of, 159. 



President steamer, presumed cause of 

 its loss, 340. 



Prichard, Dr, his hypothesis of the dis 

 tribution of plants, 564, 569, 572, 

 592 ; of the varieties of man, 599, et 

 seq. 



Priestley, Dr, 519. 



Primary limestone, 660. 



Primitive man, place of the creation of, 

 609. 



Principia, the, of Newton, 37 ; its esti 

 mation by Laplace, 38. 



Produce, abundant, of the cocoa-palm, 

 the date-palm, the sago-palm, and 

 the banana, or plantain, 557 ; of the 

 orange, potato, wheat, <fcc., 570. 



Proteus anguineus, the, 571. 



Prout, Mr, his felicitous remark on 

 rainbows, 533 ; on tropical animals, 

 584. 



Pryme, Mr, 771. 



Pterichthys, the, illustrated, 688, 689 



Pterodactyle, the, 723, 724, 729. 



Ptolemies, the, 10. 



Ptolemy, the geographer, 3, 4, 11 ; was 

 a learned man, and made the Great 

 Collection, or Almagest, 11 ; diagram 

 of the Ptolemean system, 12 ; theory 

 of epicycles, 13 ; his later followers 

 tried to amend his scheme, 14 ; 

 was a practical astronomer, 14; 

 speaks of vessels of oil being used to 

 observe eclipses, 16 ; mentions the 

 refraction of the atmosphere in his 

 treatise on optics, 25. 



Pumice-stone, its porousness, 624. 



Puy de Dome, 428 ; de Pariou, 428. 



Pyrenees, valleys of the, 221 ; hot 

 springs of the, 270 ; line of snow on 

 the, 488 ; survey of the, 517 ; geology 

 of the, 634, 635, 649, 650. 



Pythagoras, 7; his disciples had just 

 notions of the solar scheme, 7. 



Python, the oriental, 579. 



Quadrumana, order of, 595. 



Quadrupeds, class of, 584 ; notices of 

 several individuals, 584588 ; topo 

 graphical distribution of, 588 ; the 

 Arctic region, 688 ; north temperate 

 region, 589 ; region of intertropical 

 and South America, 589; region of 

 intertropical and Southern Africa, 



590 ; region of India, 590 ; region of 

 Australia, 591 ; flying, 591 ; animals 

 which have strayed out of bounds, 

 592 ; of the isles of the Pacific. 593. 



Quarry, view of Old Lincoln, 675. 



Quartz, what it is, and where found, 

 623 ; a component of granite, 644. 



Quito, genial climate of the city of, 

 492 ; European corn first taken to, 

 667. 



Races, mixed human, of America, 604. 



Raffles, !sir Stamford, his account of 

 the volcano of Sumbawa, 210. 



Rafts of wood originate floating islands, 

 693. 



Rain, is the probable source of springs, 

 263; is all-important in fertilising 

 the earth, 462 ; amount of rain, 468 ; 

 distribution of, 469 ; in the tropics, 

 470 ; regions unvisited by, 471 ; or 

 overwhelmed with, 471, 472 ; annual 

 falls of, in various countries, 473 ; 

 in Britain, 473, 474. 



Rainbow, the solar, how formed, 533 ; 

 view and description of the lunar, 

 534. 



Ramsgate, singular phenomena seen at, 

 637. 



Rapids, how produced, 283 ; of St 

 Anne, on the river Ottawa, 284 ; of 

 Richelieu, on the St Lawrence, 294. 



Raratonga Island, hurricane in, 455. 



Rats, 592. 



Rattlesnake, the, 579. 



Ravenspur, port of, 395. 



Ray, the naturalist, 367. 



Reciprocating springs, 266 268. 



Red men, or copper-coloured races, 599, 

 603. 



Red Sea, 317 ; its colour, 331 ; pre 

 valent winds in the, 450. 



Redfield, Mr, 455. 



Refraction of the atmosphere, 52 ; in 

 the Polar Sea, view of the effects of, 

 543. 



Regions of the globe, climates of the 

 various, 504509, 597, 598 ; had 

 special races of animals and plants 

 assigned to them, 598 ; botanical, of 

 plants, 560564. 



Reid, Colonel, 453455. 



Reindeer, the, all- important to the Lap 

 landers, 552 ; native region of the, 

 688, 694. 



Relugas, torrential ravages at, 417 

 420. 



Remains, organic, of South America, 

 590; regular distribution of, 619; 

 found in unstratifled layers, 635, et 

 al. ; prodigious masses of animal, in 

 the earth's crust, 635, 636 ; vegetable, 

 637, 642. 



Rennell, Major, 360, 370. 



Reptiles, varieties of, 579; preceded 

 mammalia, 639 ; list of successive 

 fossil, 640, 641. 



Resina, city of, 410. 



Rhamni, region of the, 561. 



Rhine, descent of the river, 281 ; colour 

 of its waters, 283 ; basin of the, 750. 



Rhinoceros, the, 590 ; fossil, 755. 



Rhone, glacier of the river, description 

 and view, 220 ; source of the, 278 ; 

 underground course of the, 291 ; 

 passes through Lake Leman, 320 ; 

 colour of its water, 331 ; its embou 

 chure, 398 ; rise in the valley of the, 

 450 ; alluvium of, 776. 



Rhynchosaurus, the, 713. 



Rice-plant, locality of the, 553. 



Richard, Abbf, 517. 



Richardson, Dr, 528, 559, 580. 



Richman, Professor, his death, 522. 



Righi, Mont, 409 ; Pass, view of the, 

 409. 



Rio Negro, or Black River, its 

 course and colour, 280, 283, 298, 

 299. 



2Y 



Ripplemarks in strata, 625, 631, 683, 

 ' 716. 



Rivers, chapter on, 278 308 ; sources 

 of various, 278 ; of the Nile, 279 ; 

 courses of, 279 ; islands in, 280 ; cur 

 rents of, 281 ; nature and colour of 

 waters of, 282 ; cataracts and rapids, 

 283; of the St Lawrence, 284 ; of the 

 Ottawa, 284 ; of the Kaaterskill, 284 ; 

 of Trolhetta, 285 ; of Foyers, 286 ; of 

 Schaffhausen, 286 ; of Terni, 286 ; of 

 the Leeambye, 286 ; of Tequendama, 

 286 ; of Niagara, 287290 ; erosive 

 action of, 290 292 ; rivers change 

 their levels, 292 ; many rise periodic 

 ally, 293 297 ; annual overflow of 

 the latter, 294296 ; notices of tropi 

 cal floods in America, 296; of the 

 Orinoco, 297299; classification of 

 streams, 299 ; the Angitas, 299, 300 ; 

 the Jordan, &c., 300 ; mouths of 

 rivers, 302, 303, 693; tables of the 

 great streams of the globe, 303, 304 ; 

 courses of the Amazon, 304 ; of the 

 Mississippi, 305307 ; of the Nile, 

 307 ; denudation of the land by 

 rivers, 370 373 ; rivers disseminate 

 plant-seeds, 565 ; raft-islands formed 

 at the mouths of, 593 ; hold petrify 

 ing matter in solution, 642. 



Robinson, Dr, his researches in the 

 East, 262, 267, 274, 300, 315. 



Rochefort, aspect and topography of, 

 238. 



Rochet d'Hericourt, M., on the Bahr- 

 Assal, 317. 



Rock or wall plants, 549. 



Rockall, the remarkable island of, 

 199. 



Rocks torn asunder by frozen water, 

 408 ; unstratifled, 408 ; chapter on 

 the structure and classification of, 

 622642 ; true nature of rocks, 622 ; 

 component parts of, 623, 624 ; struc 

 ture of, 624 ; stratified and unstrati- 

 fied, 625 ; basalts, 626 ; stratified are 

 of aqueous origin, 627 ; varieties of, 

 627 630 ; peculiarities of structure, 

 630632; Glen Tilt strata, 632; 

 metallic veins, 633 635 ; fossilifer- 

 ous and non-fossiliferous rocks, 635 ; 

 list of strata, by Dr Mantell, 636 ; 

 table of, by Professor Phillips, 637 ; 

 arrangement by Lehman, 637 ; mani 

 festations of past organic life in 

 rocks, 639 641 ; order of fossil re 

 mains in strata, 640, 641 ; granitic, 

 644651 ; trappean, 651655 ; vol 

 canic, 655, 656 ; Silurian, 669. 



Rock-salt, 711 ; mines of, 712. 



Rocky Mountains, 201, 552, 558, 589, 

 627. 



Roemer, inventor of the transit instru 

 ment, 32, 35. 



Romans, the ancient, adverse to the 

 cultivation of the physical sciences, 

 17 ; their partiality for Baise, 403 ; 

 received the vine from the Greeks, 

 568. 



Rome, city of, its volcanic site, 427. 



Rosa, Mont, 650. 



Rosiano, volcanic chasm in the district 

 of, 433. 



Rosenberg, or Mount Ruffl, fall of the, 

 408410. 



Rose-tree, the, unknown in South 

 America, 558. 



Ross, Captains, their discoveries and 

 observations, 101, 196, 327, 331, 337, 

 339, 341, 623. 



Rosse, Earl of, his great telescope, 45, 

 186. 



Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris, 

 its foundation and first members, 

 34. 



Royal Society of London, its founda 

 tion and early members, 34. 



Rubbish, plants found on, 549. 



Russegger and Bertou, Messrs, 316. 



