802 



Saas, valley of, 650. 



Sabine, Colonel, 360, 625, 568. 



Sabrina island, its appearance and dis 

 appearance, 375. 



Saddleback mountain, C63. 



Sagittarius, or constellation of the 

 Archer, 151. 



Sahara, desert of, 226 ; traversed by 

 caravans, 226 ; subject to sand-storms 

 and the mirage, 227 ; limits and 

 description of, 223 ; passage regard 

 ing, from " Eiithen," 228 ; is rain 

 less, 471 ; dromedary of, 590. 



Salem in Massachusetts, rock of 

 sienitic greenstone at, 633. 



Salisbury Crags greenstone rocks, 626, 

 652 



Saltfkr, 295. 



Salt from saline springs, 778. 



Saltuess of the ocean, 327 329. 



Salverte, M., 521, 522. 



Samiel wind, or simoom, 447 449. 



Sand plants, their growth and uses, 

 649. 



Sandstone, period of the red, 640 ; its 

 composition and where found, 710 ; 

 imprints in, 716 ; systems, old and 

 new, 638, 639; chapter on the old 

 red, 681690 ; general composition 

 of, 681 684 ; vegetable remains in, 

 684 ; fossil fishes of, 684689 ; chap 

 ter on the new red, 707 716 ; series 

 of its beds, 708 ; illustration of fos 

 sil remains in, 709 ; localities, 709 ; 

 sandstone, magnesian limestone, gyp 

 sum, rock-salt, 710712 ; saliferous 

 strata, 712 ; organic fossils. 713 

 716. 



Santorin, Gulf of, 374. 



Saratoga, lake, description and view of, 

 321. 



Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn con 

 ceived by some to have been known 

 to the ancients, 16 ; Jupiter's disco 

 vered by Galileo, 29, 30 ; the num 

 ber allotted to the various known 

 planets, 89, 191. 



Saturn, the planet, his satellites dis 

 covered by Huygens, Cassini, Her- 

 schel, and Lassel and Bond, 34, 45, 

 47, 191 ; mean distance of this 

 planet from the sun, 97 ; time occu 

 pied in his circuit round the sun, 

 97 ; length of his day, 97 ; diameter 

 of, 97 ; form and rings of, 98 ; belts 

 of, 99 ; days and seasons of, 99 ; 

 satellites of, 99, 191 ; general system, 

 his, 99; orbital positions of, 100 ; his 

 satellites, the various phases of, 101 ; 

 area and solid contents of, 102 ; 

 inclination of, to the earth, 104 ; 

 density of, 106 ; is nearly 900,000,000 

 miles distant from the earth, 104. 



Saurians, the great fossil tribes of, 592; 

 where found, 721. 



Sauroidichnites, 714. 



Saussure, M. de, his observations on the 

 Alps, 208, 331, 517 ; on the Pyrenees, 

 450 ; on cretinism, 459 ; his geolo 

 gical creed, 619 ; his ascent of Mont 

 Blanc, 645, 646. 



Savages worship sun and moon, 3. 



Savannah la Mar destroyed by an 

 earthquake, 386. 



Savoy, Alps of, their geological charac 

 teristics, 645. 



Saxifrages, botanical region of the, 

 560. 



Saxon Chronicle, the, 60, 387. 



Saxony, schorl and tin of, 649 ; Wem- 

 bohla in, 650. 



Scales of fishes important in classifica 

 tion, 684 ; illustrated, 686. 



Scamander, the river, 269 ; its source 

 279. 



Rcelidotherium, the, 758. 



Scenery of the heavens, 49192. 



Scheuchzer, Dr, 760. 



Schouw, Professor, 660. 



INDEX. 



Schroeter of LilienUial, 69; his ex 

 clamation on viewing the Milky- 

 Way, ICO. 



Schubert, Professor, 310. 



Scilly Islands, the, 387. 



Scitaminese, botanical region of the, 

 562. 



Scoresby, Captains, 327, 330, 340 345, 

 348, 474, 542, 588. 



Scorpio, or constellation of theScorpion, 

 151. 



Scotland, lakes of, 311, 318 ; severe 

 winters in, 477 ; granitic rocks of, 

 648 ; igneous formations of, 656 ; 

 predominance of gneiss formations 

 in, 658; sandstone of, illustrated, 

 684. 



Scott, Sir Walter, citations from his 

 " Talisman," 261 ; " Lady of the 

 Lake," 465 ; " Lay of the Last Min 

 strel," 614 ; " Marmion," 617, 677. 



Scripture, rightly interpreted, not in 

 compatible with science, 593, 598, 

 785787. 



Scrope, Mr, 643, 714. 



Scylla and Charybdis, 367369. 



Sea, the, beneficial to mankind, 325 ; 

 saltness of, 327 ; tides of, 352 ; strag 

 gles between it and the land, 386. 

 See Ocean. 



Sea-beaches, 773. 



Sea-cow, the, 578. 



Sea-urchin, shell of the, 572. 



Sea-weeds in the Atlantic, 348, 558. 



Seams of coal, 696, et seq. 



Sedgeley rocks, 678. 



Sedgwick, Professor, geological observa 

 tions of, 619, 621, 630, 633, 062, 689. 

 762. 



Sedimentary formations, the, 657, 661. 



Seeds of plants, various means of dis 

 persing the, 565. 



Seine, the river, amount of its waters, 

 263 ; descent of the, 281. 



Seitzen, his account of the Dead Sea, 

 316. 



Selinga, the river, 318. 



Selvas, or central levels of South Ame 

 rica, 232. 



Seminaria, singular land-slip at, 433. 



Seneca, the Roman philosopher, men 

 tions smoked glass as being used to 

 observe eclipses, 16 ; prophetical pas 

 sage from his tragedy of Medea, 16. 



Senegal, heat on the banks of the river, 

 597. 



Serapis, antique pillars of the temple 

 of, 405, 774. 



Sron and Leseur, Messrs, 577. 



Serpentine is similar to hornblende, 

 623 ; rocks, illustrated, 651. 



Severn, the river, 283, 668 ; and Clyde, 

 how differing from other British 

 streams, 280. 



Shakspeare quoted, 7 ; his account of 

 Clarence's dream, 373 ; of Dover Cliff, 

 391. 



Shannon, source of the river, 278 ; its 

 descent, 281, 283. 



Shap, in Westmoreland, its porphyri- 

 tic granite, 644. 



Sheep, the, 588, 605. 



Shells, masses of, found at the summits 

 of the Pyrenees and Andes. 380 ; 

 fossil, 640, 641. 



Sheppey, Isle of, 742. 



Sheringham, coast changes at, 395. 



Shetland Isles, action of the sea on 

 the, 392. 



Shipping at sea, annual loss of, 373. 



Shooting-stars, 130. 



Siberia, fossil mammoths of, 753. 



Sicily, geology of, 750. 



Sickler, his account of cultivated vege 

 tables, 668. 



Sienitic granite, 644. 



Sierra Leone, 330. 



Sigillarise, fossil, 704. 



Silesia, mountains of, 648. 



Silius Italicus, 416. 



Silliman, Professor, 424. 



Siloam, pool and spring of, 267. 



Silures, region of the ancient, 667. 



Silurian system, 620, 636638, 642, 640, 

 642; chapter on the, 667 680; geologi 

 cal boundaries of the, 668; general 

 scheme of the, 669, et seq. 



Siluridan family, the, 578. 



Silurus electricus, the, 576. 



Silver ore, where located, 634 ; masses 

 of, found, 634. 



Silver-mine, view of the interior of a, 

 634 ; of Potosi, 634. 



Simeto, the river, in Sicily, 290. 



Simoom wind, or Samiel, 447 449. 



Simple and compound rocks, 624. 



Simplicity, one of the Creator's laws, 

 622. 



Sinai, Mount, 644. 



Singing-birds, local to the temperate 

 zones, 582. 



Sinkings of the earth, at Malpais, in 

 Sicily, at Marseille, &c., 240. 



Sinope, view of, 365. 



Sirius, the star, 6; the brightest in 

 the heavens, 146, 164 ; is larger than 

 the sun, 165. 



Sirocco, account of the, 449. 



Sivatherium, the, 758. 



Skaptar volcano in Iceland, 376. 



Skeletons, fossil, perfect preservation 

 of, 641. 



Skiddaw mountain, atmosphere of, 463 ; 

 illustrated, 663. 



Skin, varieties of the human, 599601, 

 605. 



Skull, shapes of the human, 601605. 



Skye, Isle of, trap-rocks in, illustrated, 

 652 ; limestone of, 661. 



Slate, 659, et seq.; view of broken 

 ledges of, 763 ; rocks of Devon, 629 ; 

 of Wales, illustrated, 630. 



Slikensides, an explosive mineral, 258. 



Sloane, Sir Hans, 131. 



Sloth, peculiarities of the, 590. 



Slough, view of Herschcl's great tele 

 scope at, 160. 



Smith, Dr William, on volcanoes, 429 ; 

 his geological researches, 619, 620. 



Smyth, Professor C. Piazzi, observes 

 the radiated heat of the moon, 88. 



Smoke of Vesuvius, an indicator of 

 daily air-currents, 444. 



Snakes, varieties of, 579, 580 ; English, 

 679 ; none in Ireland, 579 ; oriental 

 and occidental, 579, 680; general 

 species of, 592. 



Snow, red, 331 ; origin and beauty of 

 snow, 474 ; its crystals, various forms 

 of, 475 ; localities of, 475 ; unwonted 

 fall of, at Canton, 475 ; Alpine, 476 ; 

 individuals buried under, 477 ; in 

 Scotland, 477 ; view of a snow-storm, 

 478. 



Snow-line, is variable on mountains, 

 586, 487. 



Snowdon, ascent of, by Pennant, 6C-t, 

 C65 ; observations on its geology, by 

 Phillips, 665, 666. 



Snowdonia, geological region of, 663 

 666. 



Sobieski's Shield, constellation of, 183. 



Social plants, localities of the, 551. 



Soil of the land, removal by the sea of, 

 371. 



Soils influence climate, 495. 



Solar system included eighteen bodies 

 only before the elder Herschel's time, 

 but he increased the number to 

 twenty-seven, 45 ; remarks on the, 

 102 ; stupendous area of the, 103 ; 

 yet insignificant compared with that 

 of the universe, 103 ; familiar illustra 

 tion of the relation of the sun and 

 its attendants, 105 ; composition and 

 density of the solar and planetary 

 orbs, 106 ; elements of the, 189192. 



Solfatara, lake of, 399. 



