INDEX. 



803 



Solidagos, botanical region of the, 561. 



Solway Firth, 359 ; sands, view of, 359 ; 

 floods of the river Esk, 477. 



Solway Moss, accounts of, 768, 770. 



Somerville, Mrs, 333. 



Sorgues, source of the river, 279. 



South Georgia, island of, 504. 



South Sea Islands, plants of the, 563. 



Southey, Robert, citation from, 554. 



Spain, central elevated plain of, 347. 



Spaniards, the, first introduced grain to 

 America, 567. 



Spar, calcareous, or green earth, 655 ; 

 white, 677. 



Spatangus cor-anguinum, shell of the 

 fossil, 721, 735. 



Species, definition of the word, 598 ; of 

 plants, ascertained and presumed 

 numbers of the different, 548; of 

 animals, fossiliferous, their analogous 

 distribution with the existent, 635 ; 

 number of organic fossils, 635, et al. 



Speedwell mine, 245. 



Spey river, rise of the, 292 ; floods in, 

 41ft 420. 



Spezzia, Gulf of, jet of fresh water in, 

 259 



Sphaenopteris Haeninghausi, the fossil 

 plant, 640. 



Spitzbergen, notices of, 342, 345, 361, 

 588, 596. 



Springs, chapter on, 259 278 : oceanic, 

 259, 328 ; of Arethusa, 259 ; of 

 Castaly, 260 ; of the deserts, 261 ; 

 Eastern, 262; origin of, 262264; 

 perennial, 264 ; intermittent, 265 ; 

 Artesian, 265 ; reciprocating, 266 ; of 

 Siloam and others. 267, 268 ; thermal, 

 268271; ebullient, 271; of thelceland 

 Geysers, 271 273 ; origin of ebullient, 

 273 ; hot, of Turbaco, 274 ; inflam 

 mable, 275 ; mineralized, list of prin 

 cipal, and their qualities, 276 ; 

 dripping, at Knaresborough, 277; uses 

 of springs and the regard they have 

 been held in, 277 ; hot, at Mont d'Or 

 and Vichy, 429; petrifying quality 

 of, 640. 



Squirrel, reference to the habits of the, 

 567 ; flying nocturnal, 591. 



Stabise, city of, 424. 



Stack Balloch-nan-fey, shining moun 

 tain of, 661. 



Staffa, description and view of the 

 basaltic cave of, 241, 626. 



Staffordshire coal district, 701, 702. 



Stalactites, how formed, 240 ; how 

 coloured, 248. 



Stars, glance at the, 143158; fixed, 

 are of immense use in science by 

 their apparent immobility, 143 ; yet 

 which attribute is not real, 177 ; 

 position, &c., of the, 157 ; number, 

 distance and magnitude of the, 158 

 165 ; the fixed, are suns, 165 ; new, 

 variable, and compound, 166 179; 

 many have disappeared, 166 ; some 

 tore but recently visible, 166 ; others 

 appear and disappear, 166 ; remark 

 able instances of this, 167 ; specula 

 tions regarding, and illustrative 

 diagram, 169 ; examples and list of 

 variable stars, 170, 171 ; speculations 

 regarding these, 172; multiple or 

 compound stars, 172 177 ; then- 

 colours, 176 ; proper motions of, 177 

 179 ; star-systems, 180189. 



Stars, falling, or meteoric showers, 

 some notices of, 137 143; as seen 

 during the middle ages, 137 ; in 

 modern times in Greenland by the 

 Moravian missionaries, 138; byfium- 

 boldt, Bonpland, and Ellicott, in 

 America, 138; observed in other 

 regions, 139 ; remarkable one at the 

 falls of Niagara, &c., 140, 141 ; obser 

 vations of M. Arago regarding, 141, 

 142 ; Professor Olmstead and Arago' s 

 theories on, 142. 



Statue of Peter the Great, 760. 



Staunton, Sir George, 371. 



Staurolite, 659. 



Stella Mira, account of, with a diagram, 

 170. 



Sternberg, Count, 707. 



Stephens, Mr, the American traveller, 

 his account of the steppes of Russia, 

 224 ; of the Dead Sea, 315. 



Stephenson, Mr, 558, 772. 



Stewart, Dugald, his insensibility to 

 colour, 176. 



Stigmaria, view of fossil, 705. 



Stiper Stones, 674 ; view of the, 673. 



Stirlingshire, vitality of plant-seeds dis 

 interred in, 670. 



Stocke, Dr, on dew, 481. 



Stone, crumbling, of Bath and Oxford, 

 620 ; for building, importance of a 

 judicious choice of, 620. 



Stonesfleld slate, 725, 726. 



Storeton hill quarries, 714, 715. 



Storm, great, in England, of 1703, par 

 ticulars of, by Derhaui, 452. 



Stew's Annals, citations from, 527. 



Strabo, 226, 368, 397, 423, 429 ; was a 

 geologist, 615. 



Strata, list of, and their animal remains, 

 636 ; of the New Red Sandstone sys 

 tem, in England, France, and Ger 

 many, 708 ; its prevalence in Eng 

 land, 709 ; scanty in Scotland, 710. 



Stratified rocks, 625 ; era of aqueous 

 formation, 627 ; views of inclined, 

 627 ; composes nearly all the surface 

 of Great Britain, 635 ; but only three- 

 fourths of Massachusetts, 635. 



Stratus, or fallcloud, 464. 



Stromboh', volcano of, 210. 



Strontian, lead vein at, 658. 



Structure of rocks, 622, et seq. See 

 Rocks. 



Struggles between the sea and land, 

 386. 



Struve's catalogue of the stars, 158, 

 177. 



Submarine forests, 772. 



Substances, elementary, their paucity, 

 622. 



Subterranean plants, 550. 



Sumatra, Island of, 690. 



Sumbawa, awful volcanic eruption at, 

 210. 



Summer, hot, in England, 498 ; in 

 France, 499 ; excessive, chronological 

 list of, 513, 514. 



Sun, savages prostrate themselves be 

 fore the rising, 3; worship of the, 

 plausible reasons for, 3 ; transmission 

 of light and heat from the, to the 

 earth, 35 ; action of the, upon the 

 earth, 49, 53 ; rising of the, 50 ; is 

 constantly above the horizon for six 

 months at the north pole, 51 ; seems 

 larger at setting, why ? 52 ; apparent 

 diameterof, 52; mean distance of, from 

 the earth, 53 ; direct light, amount 

 of, 53 ; calorific power of, 53, 57 ; 

 diameter of, 53 ; density of, 53 ; 

 spots on the disc of, 53 57 ; rotation 

 of, 54 ; setting of the, 63 ; density of, 

 106 ; supposed to have a movement 

 of translation in the universe, 178 ; 

 its diameter and composition, 189 ; 

 aids in causing tides, 353. 



Suns, mock, or parhelia, 52, 530532 ; 

 view of, 531. 



Superficial accumulations over strata, 

 638. 



Superior, Lake, 318, 321. 



Susianic streams, the, 308. 



Susquehanna River, description and 

 view of the, 280, 281. 



Sussex marble, 728 ;. chalk, 731. 



Sutherlandshire, limestone of, 661. 



Swarthfell in Cumberland, 653. 



Sweden, aurora borealis in, 527 ; shores 

 of, 774. 



Swine, varieties of, 601, 605, 606. 



Switzerland, characteristics of the 

 lakes of, 320 ; variety of climates in, 

 489 ; geological characteristics of the 

 Alps of, 645. 



Sword-fish, the, 575. 



Syene in Upper Egypt, 9, 71, 644. 



Symonds, Lieutenant, 316. 



Systems, gneiss, mica-schist, and clay- 

 slate, 657666 ; Silurian, 667680 ; 

 Old Red Sandstone, 681690 ; Car 

 boniferous, 690 707 ; Permian and 

 Triassic, 707716 ; Oolitic, 717731 ; 

 Cretaceous, 731 736; Tertiary, 737 

 75L 



Table-land, 223. 



Tacitus, 600. 



Tagua-cagua, lake of, its floating 

 islands, 593. 



Tahiti, Island of, 610. 



Talc, its qualities, C23 ; a component 

 of granite, 644 ; intermixed with 

 schist, 659. 



Tameness of terrestrial birds, 681. 



Tapir, the, 690. 



Taurus, Mount, 312 ; view of cascade 

 in, 313. 



Tchad, Lake, 311. 



Telescope, the, a knowledge of, as 

 signed by Sir W. Drummond to the 

 Greeks, Chaldeans, and Hindoos, 16 ; 

 that of Galileo imperfectly discovered 

 Saturn, 30 ; was in use before his 

 death for measuring angular dis 

 tances, 32 ; and first applied to the 

 quadrant by Gascoyne, 32 ; is the 

 chief glory of the 17th century in 

 mechanical constructions, though at 

 first very rude, 32 ; Herschel's great, 

 44, 160 ; greater, of Lord Rosse, 45, 

 186. 



Temperate regions, climate of, 505. 



Temperature of the ocean, 335-^338 ; 

 of the earth, causes and operation of 

 the various, 485 515 ; mean, how 

 ascertained, 496 ; uniformity in, 499 ; 

 relative, of southern hemisphere, 

 502. 



Teneriffe, Peak of, 206, 213 ; strand of 

 the island of, 362 ; variety of climate 

 in the Peak of, 491. 



Tequendama, Falls of the Funza at, 

 286. 



Terebratula, fossil, 674. 



Teredines, 742. 



Teredo navalis, the, 572, 741. 



Terni, description and view of the Falls 

 of, 286. 



Tertiary system, 638, 641, 656 ; reigns 

 around London, 642 ; chapter on the, 

 737 751 ; order and classification of, 

 738 ; fossil shells of, 740 ; Eocene 

 period, 741 747 ; Miocene period, 

 747750 ; Pliocene period, 750, 751. 



Tertullian, his account of the Pontus 

 Euxinus, 508. 



Teverone, or Anio, water-fall of the 

 river, near Tivoli, 286 ; ravages, past 

 and present, of its waters, 416. 



Texture of rocks, 624. 



Thales the founder of astronomy among 

 the Greeks, 6. 



Thames, the river, 283, 498 ; view of a 

 fair on the ice of, in 1716, 512. 



Thecodontosaurus, the, 713. 



Theodomer marches his army across 

 the Danube, 609. 



Theophrastus, number of plants known 

 to, 548. 



Thermal springs, or hot-wells, 268; 

 271 ; abound most in volcanic dis 

 tricts, ' 268 ; their probable sources, 

 269 ; those of Buxton, &c., 269 ; in a 

 Feejee island, 269 ; at Aix, in Prov 

 ence, 270 ; at Baden-Baden, &c., 270 ; 

 some change their temperature, 270, 

 271 ; at Mont d'Or and Vichy, 429. 



Thessaly, flood of, 387. 



Thistle-seed, how disseminated, 565. 



