as much wrong on one side as on the other. Whether the Eskimo 

 or the whites began the trouble originally cannot be ascertained 

 at this late day. The Eskimo of early Labrador appear to have 

 been an exceedingly truculent race, as witness their attacks on 

 early explorers and missionaries, and a knowledge of the terror 

 they inspired would not make them less savage. But the re- 

 prisals made on them could not remedy the situation. Sir 

 Hugh Palliser, the Governor of Newfoundland, who assumed 

 charge of Labrador on its transfer to that colony, had the wis- 

 dom to see this, and in a proclamation issued in 1765, strictly 

 forbade further plundering and killing of the Eskimo, laying the 

 hostile attitude of the natives to the "imprudent, treacherous, 

 or cruel conduct of some people who have resorted to the coast." 

 Palliser went further and visited the Eskimo himself, and con- 

 cluded a peace with some four or five hundred of them at Pitts 

 harbour, 1 which, thanks to his wise and firm attitude, became 

 lasting. In the achievement of this happy purpose, Sir Hugh 

 was greatly assisted by the influence of Sir George Cartwright, 

 among the southern Eskimo, and that of the Moravian Brethren 

 among those north of Hamilton inlet. 



CARTWRIGHT AND THE SOUTHERN ESKIMO. 



Sir George Cartwright was a particular friend and associate 

 of Governor Palliser. After seeing some naval service on the 

 Newfoundland coast, he conceived the idea of settling in Lab- 

 rador. He entered into partnership with Lieut. Lucas, who had 

 acquired a knowledge of Eskimo, with the intention of carrying 

 on a peaceable trade with the Eskimo and engaging in cod and 

 salmon fishing. He set up an establishment at Cape Charles 

 in 1770. On his arrival in Labrador, he began his journal of 

 "Transactions and Events During the Residence of Nearly 

 Sixteen Years on the Labrador," which was issued in 1792 in 

 three large quarto volumes. In his journal he sets down with the 

 utmost frankness and candour the daily transactions of the 

 post and his opinion of the people with whom he came in con- 

 tact. This work deserves to be classed with the narratives of 

 those explorers of new lands, like Franklin and Richardson, who 

 were not only explorers, but scientific observers as well, of the 



1 Chateau bay. 



