84 



Deer were taken when they came out to the inlets or mouths 

 of rivers on their annual migration. They were usually pursued 

 while in the water, and killed with a deer spear, a long slender 

 shafted lance with an iron blade and foreshaft. Turner says 

 that the weapon used by the Labrador Eskimo and the Naskapi 

 is the same (see Figure 137 in Ethnology of the Ungava district). 



Figure 26. Bone lance head with iron point, from Eskimo point, west 

 coast of Hudson bay. Length 7 inches. 

 Collected by E. W. Hawkes. Division of Anthropology, Museum No. IX C. 7. 



Figure 26 represents a kayak spear of the older type, an iron 

 blade riveted to a bone foreshaft, which an informant told me 

 was used formerly for deer. 



Walrus hunting was carried on much the same as whaling. 

 When the ice first broke up, and began running, great herds of 

 walrus appeared, sleeping on the floating pans and playing in the 

 water. Nachvak bay, Charles island, and Cape Driggs were great 

 resorts for walrus. Several places in northern Labrador and 

 Hudson strait take their names from the presence formerly of 

 great herds of walrus in those localities, as Walrus point, Walrus 

 island, etc. The walrus seem to prefer a point or bay with a 

 shelving beach on which they can drag themselves up without 

 much difficulty. They were hunted by crews in the umiak, or, 

 according to the older style, a party of men would encircle them 

 in kayaks and drive the herd towards the shore. A full grown 

 walrus is almost too much for a single man to handle in the 

 kayak. Formerly they were harpooned and lanced with weapons 

 somewhat larger and heavier than those used for seal. When 

 rifles were introduced, the old weapons were discarded, although 

 the harpoon was often necessary to save the game. 



The Alaskan Eskimo have a taboo that walrus must always 

 be hauled up on the ice to be cut up, and this must never be done 



