88 



The northern Labrador natives also under- 

 stood the making of dams across streams empty- 

 ing into the sea, in which the salmon are shut 

 off at low tide. It is not definitely known 

 MJ whether before their contact with the whites the 



4> 



5 vd Labrador Eskimo used fish nets or not. A 



'^ -* discussion of this point occurs in the historical 



^ w introduction. 



jy ~ For trout (e'rkaluk, northern Labrador; 



"o j exa'hipik, southern Labrador) the Eskimo fish 



with an iron hook set into a piece of wood and 



bound fast with sinew. In old specimens the 



j| material for the hook is of ivory or fish-bones. 



o - The line is of twisted sinew or whalebone fibre, 



ho 



2 ^o and is wound up on a short notched pole, when 



j g. the fish is caught and hauled in. Tomcod are 

 caught through the ice in winter. Trout are split 



3 < and dried in the same manner as salmon. The 

 native method of curing was dealt with in the 









section on food (page 34). 



> .22 



> > 



HOUSEHOLD TOOLS AND UTENSILS. 



6 jj 



LAMPS AND KETTLES. 



- 5 

 *" i 



One of the items of Eskimo material culture 



is the use of the stone lamp (qu'dlik) , a feature 



which marks them off sharply from the Indian 



*" x tribes of North America. The w/w, or "woman's 



13 



t-: +5 knife," has been copied by the Cree, Monta- 



u = gnais, and other northern Indian tribes, and 



|) U the "crooked knife" perhaps borrowed from 



them in turn; the Athabaskan has copied the 



Eskimo fur a"tige in his clothing; the stone 



kettle, as Wissler suggests, may possibly be a 



copy of the square bark kettles of the Indian, 



although this does not seem very probable; the 



Eskimo waterproof skin boot and deerskin sock 



