LIBRARY OF OLD AUTHORS. 333 



were we not familiar with the commentators on Shake 

 speare. 



" And now they out-ray to your fleet." (II. v. 793.) 



" Out-ray spread out in array ; abbreviated from ar 

 ray. Dr. Taylor says 'rush out,' from the Anglo- 

 Saxon ' rean,' to flow ; but there seems no necessity for 

 such an etymology." We should think not ! Chapman, 

 like Pope, made his first sketch from the French, and 

 corrected it by the Greek. Those who would under 

 stand Chapman's English must allow for traces of his 

 French guide here and there. This is one of them, per 

 haps. The word is etymologically unrelated to array. 

 It is merely the old French oultreer, a derivative of 

 ultra. It means " they pass beyond their gates even to 

 your fleet." He had said just before that formerly 

 "your foes durst not a foot address urithout their ports." 

 The word occurs again II. xxiii. 413. 



" When none, though many kings put on, could make his vaunt, he led 

 Tydides to renewed assault or issued first the dike." (.11- viii. 217.) 



" Tydides. He led Tydides, i. e. Tydides he led. An 

 unusual construction." Not in the least. The old print 

 ers or authors sometimes put a comma where some con 

 necting particle was left out. We had just now an in 

 stance where one took the place of so. Here it supplies 

 that. " None could make his vaunt that he led (that 

 is, was before) Tydides." We still use the word in the 

 same sense, as the " leading " horse in a race. 

 " And all did wilfully expect the silver-throned morn." (II. viii. 497 ) 

 " Wilfully willingly, anxiously." Wishfully, as elser 

 where in Chapman. 



" And as, upon a rich man's crop of barley or of wheat, 

 Opposed for swiftness at their work, a sort of reapers sweat." 



" Opposed standing opposite to one another for expedi 

 tion's sake." We hope Mr. Hooper understood his owu 



