62 YALE AGRICULTURAL LECTURES. 



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chasers from rude and unskilful taking up. Trees are torn up 

 by the roots, as if the trunk and branches were the one thing 

 necessary, and the roots superfluous. The proper way is, to 

 open a trench on each side of the tree with a common spade, 

 keeping the edge toward the tree, so as not to cross a root. 

 These trenches should be far enough from the tree to avoid the 

 main roots, and deep enough to go below all, except a tap-root, 

 which may be cut off. This being done, the tree may be pull 

 ed up with its roots entire. 



Mr. Barry, in conclusion, spoke of the wide field which was 

 still open to intelligent, industrious, and capable men, who 

 would embark in the nursery business, but cautioned them against 

 entering upon it for mere speculative purposes, or with dreams 

 of sudden wealth, to be got as one would draw a lucky num 

 ber in a lottery. 



The morning lecture was by Prof. Johnson, and the one 

 after Mr. Barry's was to have been by Dr. Grant, but as he 

 was too much indisposed to speak, he procured as a substitute 

 Mr. ANDREW S. FULLER, the Brooklyn nurseryman. Mr. Fuller 

 went into the history of the grape in Europe, noticing the 

 varieties which in successive ages were deemed the best. Pie 

 showed when and how these foreign varieties were introduced 

 into the United States. In the Northern States they had, al 

 most without exception, proved failures, but at the South they 

 had given rise to descendants, some of good quality. Even 

 with a choice grape, its quality and profit depended in a great 

 degree upon the cultivation and pruning given to it. In sum 

 mer, during the season of active growth, the liquid portions of 

 the sap are exhaled almost as fast as they can be absorbed by 

 the roots, and no great accumulation can take place in any one 

 portion of the vine. But the leaves once fallen, the roots con 

 tinue to absorb their appropriate food from the soil, and thus 

 the wood becomes quite filled with sap, which is kept in store 

 for early spring use. It is therefore plain, that AVC should 

 prune our vine as soon as the leaves drop of, that the sap which 



