28 SAVAGE SURVIVALS 



culiar habit of expressing anger or disgust by 

 ' 'spitting' 7 at its offender. The camel kneels to 

 receive its load. And while the load is being put 

 on its back, it does a good deal of groaning and 

 complaining. If the load is too heavy, it will re- 

 fuse to rise. 



The llama is a South-American sheep-camel 

 that is used as a pack animal to some extent. It 

 exists only in the domesticated state. 



The alpaca is a cousin of the llama. Its hair 

 is made into the well-known alpaca of commerce. 

 It was domesticated by the Indians. Alpaca cloth 

 has been found in the tombs of the ancient Peru- 

 vians. The alpaca lives in herds in a half-wild 

 state in the high Andes. 



12. The Elephant. 



There are two species of elephants Elephas 

 africamts of Africa and Elephas indicus of Asia. 



The African elephant has never been domesti- 

 cated, except by the ancient Carthaginians. It has 

 large ears, tusks in both sexes, a convex forehead, 

 and a fierce disposition. 



Elephas indicus has long been domesticated. 

 It has a concave forehead, moderate sized ears, 

 and tusks in the male only. 



The elephant has always been a favorite of cap- 

 tains and princes and other vain beings who de- 

 sire to add to their own appearance the magnifi- 

 cence of this splendid colossus. 



The elephant very seldom breeds in captivity, 



