IN HIGHER PEOPLES 175 



Modesty is an instinct causing us to conceal 

 certain parts of the body among higher peoples 

 the most of the body excepting the hands and 

 head. It is certain that non-human beings do not 

 have this instinct. Neither do very young chil- 

 dren. There are also millions of primitive men 

 living in tropical countries who wear no clothes at 

 all, and hence have no feelings of modesty. 



Modesty is largely a matter of habit. Turkish 

 women cover even their faces. Modesty has orig- 

 inated during the human era of development, as a 

 result of the delicacy and restraint of the sexes 

 toward each other. 



Romantic love, the delicate and prolonged woo- 

 ings of courtship, are unknown to the savage. 

 The love affairs of primitive peoples are more 

 like those of other animals. They are wanting in 

 that tenderness, beauty, and romance which char- 

 acterize the courtships of higher peoples. 



Cleanliness is another instinct which has grown 

 up since savage times. Primitive peoples have no 

 aversion for dirt. They are naturally filthy. In 

 higher peoples the instinct of cleanliness affects 

 not only their persons, but extends to their homes, 

 streets, fields, places of business, etc. Cleanliness 

 is a feature of modern art. The artist is the most 

 likely person to be neat and clean about himself, 

 his room, his home, and his world. 



Gratitude is an instinct which is weak even 

 among higher peoples, and it is almost absent in 

 savages. Of the Eskimos it is said: "They give 



