42 THE SHAKESPEARE GARDEN 



sional gardener often invented his own garden 

 "knots." 



Where the inner paths intersected, a fountain or 

 a statue or some other ornament was frequently 

 placed. Sometimes, too, vases, or urns, of stone or 

 lead, were arranged about the garden in formal style 

 inspired by the taste of Italy. Sometimes, also, 

 large Oriental or stone jars were placed in con- 

 spicuous spots, and these were not only intended for 

 decoration but served as receptacles for water. 



There were four principles that were observed in 

 all stately Elizabethan gardens. The first was to 

 lay out the garden in accordance with the architec- 

 ture of the house in long terraces and paths of right 

 lines, or "forthrights," to harmonize with the 

 rectangular lines of the Tudor buildings, yet at the 

 same time to break up the monotony of the straight 

 lines with beds of intricate patterns, just as in the 

 case of architecture bay-windows, clustered and 

 twisted chimneys, intricate tracery, mullioned win- 

 dows, and ornamental gables relieved the straight 

 lines of the building. 



The second principle was to plant the beds with 

 mixed flowers and to let the colors intermingle and 

 blend in such a way as to produce a mosaic of rich, 



