APPENDIX B 365 



venetted mackintosh is necessary for occasional cool evenings and as a 

 protection against the rain. It should have no cemented rubber seams 

 to open up in the warm, moist climate. Yachting oxfords and a light 

 pair of leather slippers complete the outfit for steamer travel. For the 

 field, two or three light woollen khaki-colored shirts, made with two 

 breast pockets with buttoned flaps, two pairs of long khaki trousers, 

 two pairs of riding breeches, a khaki coat cut military fashion with four 

 pockets with buttoned flaps, two suits of pajamas, handkerchiefs, socks, 

 etc., would be necessary. The poncho should extend to below the knees 

 and should be provided with a hood large enough to cover the helmet. 

 It should have no cemented seams; the material recently adopted by 

 the United States Army for ponchos seems to be the best. For foot- 

 gear the traveller needs two pairs of stout, high hunting shoes, built on 

 the moccasin form with soles. Hobnails should be taken along to in- 

 sert if the going is over rocky places. It is also advisable to provide 

 a pair of very light leather slipper boots to reach to just under the 

 knee for wear in camp. They protect the legs and ankles from insect 

 stings and bites. The traveller who enters tropical South America 

 should protect his head with a wide-brimmed soft felt hat with venti- 

 lated head-band, or the best and lightest pith helmet that can be secured, 

 one large enough to shade the face and back of neck. There should be a 

 ventilating space all around the head-band; the wider the space the bet- 

 ter. These helmets can be secured in Rio and Buenos Aires. Head-nets 

 with face plates of horsehair are the best protection against small insect 

 pests. They are generally made too small and the purchaser should be 

 careful to get one large enough to go over his helmet and come down to 

 the breast. Several pairs of loose gloves rather long in the wrist will 

 be needed as protection against the flies, piums and boroshudas which 

 draw blood with every bite and are numerous in many parts of South 

 America. A waterproof sun umbrella, with a jointed handle about six 

 feet long terminating in a point, would be a decided help to the scien- 

 tist at work in the field. A fine-meshed net fitting around the edge of 

 the umbrella would make it insect proof. When folded it would not 

 be bulky and its weight would be negligible. Such an umbrella could 

 also be attached, with a special clamp, to the thwart of a canoe and so 

 prove a protection from both sun and rain. 



There are little personal conveniences which sometimes grow into 

 necessities. One of these in my own case was a little electric flash-light 



