LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



PAGE 



FIG. i. Successive forms of Paludtna, from the Tertiary deposits 



of Slavonia . . . . . . . .19 



2. Skeleton of Seal . . . ... . . 52 



3. Skeleton of Greenland Whale . . ... -53 



4. Paddle of Whale compared with Hand of Man . . 54 



5. Wing of Reptile, Mammal, and Bird .... 56 



6. Skeleton of Dinornis grams . . . . . .61 



7. Hermit-crabs compared with the cocoa-nut crab . . 64 



8. Rudimentary or vestigial hind-limbs of Python . . 67 



9. Apteryx Australis . . . . . .69 



10. Illustrations of the nictitating membrane in various 



animals named ........ 75 



11. Rudimentary, or vestigial and useless, muscles of the 



1 2. Portrait of a young male gorilla 78 



1 3. Lower extremities of a young child ... -79 



14. An infant, three weeks old, supporting its own weight . 81 



15. Sacrum of Gorilla compared with that of Man, showing 



the rudimentary tail-bones of each .... 82 



1 6. Diagrammatic outline of the human embryo when about 



seven weeks old . . . . . . -83 



1 7. Front and back view of adult human sacrum ... 84 



1 8. Appendix vermiformis in Orang and in Man ... 85 



19. The same, showing variation in the Orang . . .85 



20. Human ear 86 



21. Foetus of an Orang 87 



22. Vestigial characters of human ears .... 88 



23. Hair-tracts on the arms and hands of Man, as compared 



with those on the arms and hands of Chimpanzee . 90 



24. Molar teeth of lower jaw in Gorilla, Orang, and Man . 93 



